2006-2013 年

CATTI 英语三级笔译真题及答案

主编：韩刚目 录

CATTI 英翻汉之八大注意事项. 2

2006 年 5 月三级笔译实务真题. 8

2006 年 11 月三级笔译实务真题. 17

2007 年 5 月三级笔译实务真题. 25

2007 年 11 月三级笔译实务真题. 35

2008 年 5 月三级笔译实务真题. 45

2008 年 11 月三级笔译实务真题. 54

2009 年 5 月三级笔译实务真题. 64

2009 年 11 月三级笔译实务真题. 72

2010 年 5 月三级笔译实务真题. 82

2010 年 11 月三级笔译实务真题. 90

2011 年 5 月三级笔译实务真题. 99

2011 年 11 月三级笔译实务真题. 109

2012 年 5 月三级笔译实务真题. 116

2012 年 11 月三级笔译实务真题. 126

2013 年 5 月三级笔译实务真题. 134

英汉翻译八大注意事项

陈炳发 全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语专家委员会委员

有幸多次参与国家人事部组织、外文局实施并管理的全国翻译资格(水平)考试的阅卷、质检工作，我发现，一些考生翻译水平还是不错的，但对于翻译的基本常识缺乏了解，不 知道如何规范地处理数字、人名、地名、机构名、缩略语以及其他问题，因而或多或少

地影响了个人的成绩。以下是我收集整理的一些考试中常见的“雷区”，可能对考生提高考试成绩有所助益。

一、数字

关于数字用法的问题，国家主管部门已有具体规定，各翻译出版机构以及一些国际组织也有自己的专门规定。有志于从事翻译职业的人应该对这些有起码的了解。

一般的规定是，对于纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值，无论原文是否使用阿拉伯数字，

译文一般用阿拉伯数字。例如：原文“654,321,000”，译文中照抄“654,321,000”即可;不能

译为 6 亿 5 千 4 百 32 万 1 千。原文“fifty million”，可译为“5 000 万”;不能译为“五十百万”，或“50 百万”。对于万以上数字，中文一般以“万”和“亿”为单位;原文“half a billion”，可译

为“5 亿”。原文“five trucks”，可译为“5 辆卡车”;原文“3-4 percent”，可译为“3%-4%”;原文

“five percentage points”，可译为“5 个百分点”。

原文用英文数字或罗马数字表示的，除纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值的情况外，译文

用汉字。例如：原文“Chapter II”，可译为“第二章”，不能译为“第 2 章”;原文“Committee of Twenty-four”，可译为 “二十四国委员会 ”，不能译为 “24 国委员会 ”;原文 “Sixty-fourth

Session”，可译为“第六十四届会议”，不能译为“第 64 届会议”。

在原文中，数字如作为词素构成固定的词、词组、惯用语、缩略语、具有修辞色彩的语句，以及邻近两个数字连用表示概数的情况，则译文中可使用汉字;整数一至十，如果不是出现在具有统计意义的一组数字中，可以用汉字，但要照顾到上下文，以便求得局部

体例上的一致。例如：原文“quarter”，应译为“四分之一”;原文“three to four people”，则译

为“三四人”;原文“Third World”，可译为“第三世界”;原文“several thousand people”，则译为

“几千人”;原文“five principles”，可译为“五项原则”;原文“four or five hundred”，可译为“四

五百”;原文“well over sixty”，可译为“六十好几了(年龄)”,原文“50-odd years old”，可译为

“五十出头”,原文“a little over 30 years old”，可译为“三十挂零”等等。

对于数字的翻译还可以做出许多规定，但对于翻译(水平)考试而言，掌握以上三点就基本 可以了。对于不规范的数字表述，诸如“6 亿 5 千 4 百 32 万 1 千”之类，阅卷老师都是要酌情扣分的。

二、人名问题

除另有特别规定外，对于原文中的人名一般都是要求翻译的，翻译时可以借助外文词典、人名词典或其他工具。在考试中，考生应该力争将人名准确地翻译出来，尤其是一些国 际上较为著名的人物，例如联合国秘书长、几个主要大国的国家元首或政府首脑，历史 上有名的大科学家、大文学家等，还要注意与港澳台地区的译法有所区别。对于一些一 般人不太熟悉的人名，即使翻译得不太准确，考虑到这是限时的考试，阅卷老师一般是

可以通融的(各阅卷组会作统一规定)，但在实际工作中，人名一定要力求准确翻译。

有的考生在译文中将外国人名直接上原文，这是不符合要求的(除非有特殊规定)，阅卷老师会相应地扣分。有的考生在译文中将人名空在那里，这就更不符合翻译的基本要求了， 做翻译是不能开天窗的，那就是失职了。

三、国名和机构名

国名一定要准确翻译，不能有丝毫的马虎，译错绝对要扣分。国名一般都能在字典中查

到，只是要注意简称和全称的问题。“The United States of America”一定要翻译为“美利坚合众国”;如原文为“USA”,则可译为“美国”。孟加拉国的英文全称是“The People's Republic of Bangladesh”，翻译为“孟加拉人民共和国”，其简称“Bangladesh”，一定要翻译为“孟加

拉国”，不能译为“孟加拉”而省略了“国”字。

机构名称也是一样，例如“UNESCO”是缩写，也就是简称，一般译为“教科文组织(联合国系统译法)”、“联合国教科文组织(教科文组织本身的译法)”，这两种都可以。有的考生将 “UNESCO”这个简称翻译为全称——“联合国教育、科学及文化组织”，这是一种过度翻译，有画蛇添足之嫌，在国际组织文件翻译中是绝对不允许的，因此在考试中也要扣分。

四、地名

除另有特别规定外，对于原文中的地名一般都是要求翻译的，翻译时可以借助外文词典、地名词典或其他工具。在考试中，考生应该力争将地名按照通用的习惯说法准确地翻译

出来，尤其是一些著名的大城市，几个主要大国的州(省)一级名称。翻译(水平)职称考试允许带字典，因此，只要查一下字典，这些问题就可以迎刃而解。无论考生的翻译水平

有多高，译文中如将“Geneva(日内瓦)”翻译为“几内瓦”，将“Bern(伯尔尼)”翻译为“波恩”，也会直接导致扣分。有些小地名字典上查不到，当然可以自译，这时如果在地名译文首

次出现时将原文加括号附在词后，不失为一种聪明的处理方法。考虑到这是限时的考试， 阅卷时，各阅卷组也会对这些小地名的扣分作统一规定，但在实际工作中，地名一定要 力求准确翻译。

五、货币符号

在实务考试中经常会出现货币符号的缩写，这些货币符号一般也需要翻译出来。例如 “￡”(英镑)、“$”(美元)等等，考生对这些符号要有基本的了解。原文中明明说的是 5000

万英镑，你翻译为 5000 万欧元，实际价值错得离谱，你说阅卷老师能不扣分吗?

六、倍数问题

在阅卷或做质检时，我发现很多人对于倍数问题不敏感。考生不知道，对这些倍数问题是否处理得当，恰恰是阅卷老师十分关注的要点。

倍数增加问题。原文“increased 3 times/folds”，“increased by 3 times”，“increase to 3 times”以及“increase by a factor of 3”，均应译为“增加到 3 倍”，或者“增加 2 倍”，而不应译为“增加 3 倍”。原文“A is 3 times as great(long，much，…)as B”，“A is 3 times greater (longer，

more，…)than B”，“A is 3 times the size (length， amount，…)of B”，均应译为;“A 的大小 (长度，数量，……)是 B 的 3 倍”，或者“A 比 B 大(长，多，……)2 倍”，而不应译为“A

比 B 大(长，多，……)3 倍”。

倍数减少问题。原文“decrease 3 times/folds ”;“decrease by 3 times”;“decrease by a factor of

3”均应译为“减少到 1/3”，或者“减少 2/3”。原文“A is 3 times as small (light，slow，…)as B”，

“ A is 3 times smaller (lighter， slower，…) than B”，均应译为“A 的大小(重量，速度，……)是 B 的 1/3”，或者“A 比 B 小(轻，慢，……)2/3”，而不应译为“A 比 B 小(轻，慢，……)3

倍”。需要注意的是，增加用倍数表示，减少用分数表示。

汉语在倍数的表达上经常使用“翻番”，例如“double”(翻一番 );“quadruple”(翻两番 );但是

“triple”不应译为“翻三番”，而应译为“增至三倍”，或者“增加两倍”。有很多考生在倍数的理解上出现问题，导致扣分，显然对于英语的数字表达方法不够熟悉。

七、字迹要清晰

翻译(水平)考试的实务部分需要考生在试卷上笔答，有的考生字迹潦草，胡涂乱抹，令人难以辨认，甚至间接影响了成绩。其实，这既增加了阅卷老师的工作难度，也是对自己 不负责任。试卷不仅反映了考生的翻译水平，其实也能反映出考生的工作态度。作为合 格的翻译首先要求严谨，一丝不苟，潦草难认的字迹容易造成笔误和误读，在实际操作 时也会造成延误或误解，甚至造成无可挽回的损失。因此，不要以为书写不重要，这也

是翻译的基本功之一，必须严肃对待、刻苦训练。能看到一份没有涂抹，字迹端正、表述清晰的试卷，阅卷老师的心情会是无比舒畅的。

八、错别字

错别字是考试中经常发现的问题。无论是二级笔译还是三级笔译，译文中出现错别字都是要扣分的。其实，一名合格的翻译，不仅外语水平要高，具有熟练运用外语的能力， 母语水平尤其要高，这样在做翻译时才能做到得心应手，出神入化。因此，考生除了注重提高外语水平，更应当打好母语的基础，练好基本功，以期在考试时不致因错别字而丢分。

人事部组织、外文局实施并管理的全国翻译资格(水平)考试是一种选拔性考试，有一定的难度，通过比例并不太高。我希望准备参加翻译资格(水平)考试的考生在备考时能够重视上面所说的这些问题，也希望高校翻译教学和各级培训工作者对此予以关注。

2006 年 5 月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

第一部分 英译汉

Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.

In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of

15 to 18 feet a year.

"It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing." For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.

A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast

petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was

untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles

sprout to support the growing energy industry.

Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one.

Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.

In Finnmark, Norway's northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in

late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.

A changing Arctic is felt there, too. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.

Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.

And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his

livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then

refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.

"The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns," said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it."

A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast

petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was

untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.

韩老师参考译文：

随着全球变暖，海冰逐渐融化，海水水位上涨，侵蚀着北极圈附近的沿海居住区。

位于俄罗斯东北海岸的拜考夫斯凯村（Bykovsky）居住着 457 名村民，这

里的海岸线逐渐受到侵蚀，每年以 15 至 18 英尺的速度后退，日益逼近村舍和取暖用油桶。

“这里实际上是永冻层，全是冰，而现在冰层都在融化。”对于生活在北极圈以北的 400 万居民来说，气候变化带来了新机遇，但也对他们的生活环境和住所构成了威胁。很多居民世代生活在冰天雪地的荒野里，形成了自己独特的文化习俗，气候变化给当地文化保护工作也同样带来了威胁。

随着北冰洋海冰日渐融化，人们开始加速开发北极地区，这对于生活在极地的居民来说利弊兼有。在巴伦支海和卡拉海地区发现了大型油田后，人们不禁担心，满载着石油（不久后还会有液化气）的船只穿行斯堪的纳维亚沿岸的渔场前往欧洲和北美市场的途中可能会发生灾难性事故。随着北极地区能源工业的蓬勃发展，发电厂、烟囱和大型运输工具等配套设备、设施相继建立或出现，这片未被人类染指的净土也终将会受到污染。

阿拉斯加也面临海岸线遭受侵蚀的问题。对此，美国政府计划对因纽特人居住的几个村庄进行迁移，每个村庄的迁移成本预计在 1 亿美元以上。

北极地区的土著部落几百年来都生活在冰封雪冻的极端自然环境里，形成了自己独特的文化传统。现在，他们开始注意到天气和野生动物的变化，也在积极努力去适应气候变化，但这又谈何容易。

在挪威最北端的芬马克省，冬末时节的北极地区是一望无际的雪域景象， 万籁俱寂，偶尔能听到驯鹿的嘶鸣声和养鹿人驾驶的雪地摩托发出的轰鸣声。

即使在这里也能感受到气候变化的影响。现年 31 岁的养鹿人埃拉说，“驯鹿越来越不开心。”

挪威的环保工作和土著文化保护工作走在世界前列。挪威政府拿出相当部分的石油收入用来保护这里的土著文化，萨米文化也由此迎来了复兴。

埃拉的生活与驯鹿已经密不可分。然而，他认为，无论政府投入多少资金用于土著文化保护，他的生活方式也终将会发生变化。像德克萨斯州的牧场主一样，埃拉不愿透露自己养了多少头驯鹿。不过，他说春秋季节天气转暖使得雪地的上层融化，之后融化的雪水（到了夏冬季节）再次结冰，驯鹿想要吃到底层的地衣就更不容易了。

“他们决策者都住在（北极圈）以南的城镇里，” 埃拉坐在自己用鹿皮搭建的屋子里说道，“观察不到气候的真实变化。只有生活在大自然里、以大自然为生的人才能体会得到。”

第二部分：汉译英

维护世界和平，促进共同发展，谋求合作共赢，是各国人民的共同愿望， 也是不可抗拒的当今时代潮流。中国高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持走和平发展道路，与世界各国一道，共同致力于建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。

中国与世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国政府把中国人民的根本利益与各国人民的共同利益结合起来，坚持奉行防御性的国防政策。中国的国防服从和服务于国家发展战略和安全战略，旨在维护国家安全统一，确保实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。中国永远是维护世界和平、安全、稳定的坚定力量。

中国在经济不断发展的基础上推进国防和军队现代化，是适应世界新军事变革发展趋势、维护国家安全和发展利益的需要。中国不会与任何国家进行军备竞赛，不会对任何国家构成军事威胁。新世纪新阶段，中国把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针，积极推进中国特色军事变革，努力实现国防和军队建设全面协调可持续发展。

官方参考译文：

To uphold world peace, promote common development and seek cooperation

and win-win is the common wish of the people around the world and an irresistible trend of our times.

Committed to peace, development and cooperation, China pursues a road of peaceful development, and endeavors to build, together with other countries, a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

Never before has China been so closely bound up with the rest of the world as it is today. The Chinese government works to advance both the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the common interests of the peoples of the rest of the world, and pursues a defense policy which is purely defensive in nature. China's national defense, in keeping with and contributing to the country's development and security strategies, aims at maintaining national security and unity, and ensuring the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. China is determined to remain a staunch force for global peace, security and stability.

China's national defense and military modernization, conducted on the basis of steady economic development, is the requirement of keeping up with new trends in

the global revolution and development in military affairs, and of maintaining China's national security and development. China will not engage in any arms race or pose a

military threat to any other country. At the new stage in the new century, we will take the scientific development outlook as an important guiding principle for the building of national defense and military affairs, vigorously advance the revolution in military affairs with Chinese features, and strive to realize an all-round, coordinated and sustainable development in our country's national defense and military capabilities.

韩老师参考译文：

Universal peace, common/inclusive development and win-win cooperation

represent the shared aspiration of all peoples across the world/a universal aspiration and an irresistible/irreversible trend of our times. As such/In this context, China remains committed to peaceful development and stands ready/poised to work with the rest of the world/join in global efforts to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity/where all live in peace and prosperity/where peace prevails

and prosperity reaches all corners/a world of peace and prosperity for all.

Never before in history has China been so closely linked to/interlinked with/interconnected with/integrated with the outside world. As the Chinese government bears in mind both the fundamental interests of its people and the

common interests of the global community, it pursues a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. When it comes to national defense, China acts in line with and in

the strategic interest of national development and security. China‟s national defense aims to safeguard national security and unity and secure the building of a well-off society in all aspects. China remains a staunch force behind/for world peace, security and stability now and forever.

China‟s push for defense and military modernization amid/on the back of its ongoing economic boom follows/conforms with/consists with the emerging global trend of military upgrading and comes as a safeguard for national security and development gains. China will refrain from entering an arms race with any other

country, and will constitute/pose no military threat to anyone./China will not enter …, neither will it … At the new development stage in the new century, we are, guided ed by scientific outlook on development, pushing for/pressing ahead with/moving

forward with military reform with distinctive Chinese features to modernize national defense and the army in a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable way. /At this point, China is committed to military reform with distinctive Chinese features.

Guided by scientific outlook on development in this endeavor, we are working to modernize national defense and the army in a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable fashion.

2006 年 11  月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

第一部分：英译汉

Faced with growing evidence that avian influenza is spreading in birds, the World Health Organization on Wednesday signed an agreement with the Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche Holding to build up its stockpile of medicines in case of a pandemic in humans.

Under the agreement, Roche will reserve three million treatments of its Tamiflu antiviral medicine for use by the UN agency in case of a worldwide human pandemic of avian flu.

"It's just enough to deal with an initial outbreak," said Jong-Wook Lee, director-general of the WHO. "But clearly this is not enough to deal with a full pandemic."

The agency says only 57 people in Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia

have died, mainly from contact with infected birds. The virus has killed millions of chickens and led to preventive culling across Asia since late 2003.

Sustained human-to-human infection has not yet been recorded. But the World Health Organization warns that bird flu, which first appeared in Hong Kong in 1997, could mutate genetically, making it easier for humans to catch and transmit the disease among themselves.

Signs the disease has spread recently to birds in Siberia and Kazakhstan are adding to concerns, the WHO says. A panel of European Union experts will convene Thursday in Brussels to discuss measures to prevent the spread of bird deaths to European poultry.

When asked whether he thought a widespread outbreak in humans was imminent,

Lee said: "We don't know when it will come. But it would be hugely irresponsible if the WHO and member states did not take preventive measures now."

Roche declined to give figures for its stockpiles of Tamiflu.

A spokeswoman for the company, Martina Rupp, said it took from 12 to 18

months to deliver the drug after an order was placed- a relatively long time due to a complicated production process.

韩老师参考译文：

鉴于有越来越多的证据表明禽流感正在不断蔓延，世界卫生组织周三与瑞士罗氏制药公司签署协议，要求罗氏增加药物储备以防人类爆发大范围禽流感疫情。

按照该协议，为应对可能出现的全球性人类禽流感疫情爆发，罗氏将为世界卫生组织储备 300 万份达菲（抗病毒药物）以备不时之需。

“这仅够满足疫情爆发初期的药物需求，”世界卫生组织总干事李钟郁说， “显然不足以应对疫情全面爆发时的情况。”

世界卫生组织称，目前在印度尼西亚、越南、泰国和柬埔寨仅有 57 人死于

禽流感，且死者中主要是因为接触了受感染的禽类而发病。自 2003 年年底禽流感疫情爆发以来，在亚洲有数百万只鸡死亡，为防止疫情进一步蔓延，对家禽 进行了大规模扑杀。

现在尚未有持续性人传人感染的报道。不过，世界卫生组织警告称，最早 于 1997 年在香港出现的禽流感病毒可能会发生变异，人类对病毒会更加易感， 人传人的几率也会增加。

世界卫生组织称，有迹象表明，禽流感最近已蔓延至西伯利亚和哈萨克斯坦，这使人们更加担忧。周四，欧盟专家小组将在布鲁塞尔召开会议，商讨如何防止禽流感疫情蔓延至欧洲，保护当地家禽不受感染。当被问及是否会很快出现大范围人传人禽流感疫情时，李钟郁说，“我们不知道何时会出现，但是如果世界卫生组织及其成员国现在不采取预防措施的话将是极其不负责任的。”

罗氏制药公司并未透露储备了多少剂达菲。

该公司发言人玛蒂娜•鲁普称，由于达菲生产工艺复杂，在接到订单后需要一到一年半才能交货。

第二部分：汉译英

25 年来，中国坚定不移地推进改革开放，社会主义市场经济体制初步建立， 开放型经济已经形成，社会生产力和综合国力不断增强，各项社会事业全面发

展，人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。

从 1978 年至 2003 年的 25 年间，中国经济年均增长 9.4%。25 年前，中国

年国内生产总值为 1473 亿美元，去年已达到 14000 多亿美元。

25 年前，中国年进出口贸易总额为 206 亿美元，去年已达到 8512 亿美元。

25 年前，中国外汇储备为 1.67 亿美元，去年已达到 4033 亿美元。

目前，中国经济总量居世界第六，进出口贸易总额居世界第四。中国之所以能够发生这样巨大的变化，最关键的原因是我们始终坚持走中国特色社会主义道路，始终坚持改革开放，激发了全体人民的积极性、主动性、创造性。

中国虽然取得了很大的发展成就，但中国人口多，底子薄，生产力不发达， 发展很不平衡，生态环境、自然资源与经济社会发展的矛盾比较突出。

虽然中国人均国内生产总值已经突破 1000 美元，但仍排在世界一百位以后。中国要实现现代化，使全体人民都过上富裕生活，还需要进行长期不懈的艰苦奋斗。

我们已经明确了本世纪头 20 年的奋斗目标，这就是全面建设惠及十几亿人

口的更高水平的小康社会，到 2020 年实现国内生产总值比 2000 年翻两番，达

到 4 万亿美元，人均国内生产总值达到 3000 美元，使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。

官方参考译文：

In the past 25 years, while pressing ahead with reform and opening up, China

has put initially in place a socialist market economy, an economy that is open to the outside world. China's productive forces and overall national strength have been constantly enhanced. With various social undertakings developing in full swing, the

Chinese people as a whole have made the historical leap from subsistence to modest prosperity. In the course of 25 years between 1978 and 2003, China's economy grew by an average annual rate of 9.4 percent, with its GDP, foreign tradeand foreign

exchange reserves jumping from 147.3 billion US dollars, 20.6 billion US dollars and

167 million US dollars to over 1.4 trillion US dollars, 851.2 billion US dollars and

403.3 billion US dollars respectively. China now is the world's sixth largest economy and the fourth largest trader. The reason why China has produced such tremendous changes is because we have adhered to the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and persevered in reform and opening-up, thus galvanizing the

Chinese people's initiative, enthusiasm and creativity.

Though China has achieved impressive results in its development, there are still many acute problems, such as overpopulation, weak economic foundation, underdeveloped productivity, highly uneven development, and a fairly sharp contradiction between the country's ecological environment and natural resources on the one hand andits economic and social development on the other. China's per capita

GDP, though reaching the record high of 1,000 US dollars last year, still ranks behind the 100th place in the world. To make China's modernization program a success and deliver a prosperous life for all the Chinese people still requires a long and uphill battle.

We have already set a clear goal for the first 20 years of this century. Namely, in

building a well-off society of a higher standard in an al-round way for the benefit of well over one billion Chinese people, we will quadruple the 2000 GDP to 4 trillion

US dollars with a per capita GDP of 3,000 US dollars, further develop the economy, improve democracy, advance science and education, enrich culture, foster greater social harmony and upgrade the texture of life for the people.

韩老师参考译文：

Over the past quarter of century, a socialist market economy has taken shape and an open economy has come into being amid/thanks to/as a result of China‟s steadfast/ongoing commitment to reform and opening up. During this timeframe,

productivity and overall national strength of China have been on the rise, social programs have progressed across the board, and the people have witnessed/experienced/embraced a historic leapfrog from a decent life to one of moderate prosperity. Over the 25 years between 1978 and 2003, China‟s economy recorded an average annual growth rate of 9.4%, and its GDP surged to US$1.4 trillion from US$147.3 billion.

The past 25 years also saw China‟s total foreign trade shoot up from US$20.6 billion to US$851.2 billion and its foreign exchange reserve soar to US$403.3 billion from a mere US$167 million. China today represents the 6th largest economy and the 4th biggest foreign trader in the world. The tremendous changes that have taken place

in China can be best explained by the fact that we have unleashed/unlocked people‟s enthusiasm, initiative and creativity through unwavering commitment to reform and opening up and to the building of socialism with distinctive Chinese features.

For all the remarkable gains in development, China remains a country with a large population, weak economic foundation, underdeveloped productivity and rather uneven development among regions/huge inter-regional disparities. China is also struggling with an acute/salient imbalance between ecological wellbeing and natural resources on the one hand and socio-economic development on the other.

China‟s per capita GDP has exceeded/topped US$1,000, but has yet to rank

among top 100 on the world‟s list. That means China still has a long, hard journey to go before it can achieve full modernization and prosperity for all.

We have established/identified/set our goals/visions for the first two decades of the new century/before 2020. That is, we must work to build a better-off society for over one billion people in all aspects by quadrupling the GDP by 2020 to US$4 trillion or US$3,000 in per capita terms, and making a visible difference/scale new heights in economic growth, democracy-building, scientific and educational advancement, cultural progress, social harmony and people‟s livelihood.

2007 年 5 月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

第一部分 英译汉

It took nine years from the time the Danish and Swedish governments agreed to build a fixed link between their countries to the time the first car, train, truck and bicyclists crossed the Oresund Bridge.

Construction of the bridge, including design and cornerstone, began in March 1991 and was completed in July 2000. Today, it is the longest stone-stayed road and rail bridge in the world. At approximately 10 miles (16 kilometers), including the tunnel, it is an engineering and architectural marvel. But as time has proven, the bridge is a cultural and economic boon as well. The sleek span of concrete whose design typifies Scandinavian minimalism has contributed greatly to the development of the Oresund region: the eastern part of Denmark, including Copenhagen, and the southwestern part of Sweden, including Malmöand Lund.

The level of commuting between Malmöand Copenhagen has quadrupled since

the opening of the bridge in 2000, and the number of Danes moving to the south of Sweden has increased sixfold. The Oresund region has become a cultural and economic powerhouse, considered a model region by the European Union.

Work on the bridge began in 1995, and was undertaken by a team of international consulting and construction companies.

From the beginning, construction of the bridge complied with some of the world‟s toughest environmental regulations, as well as many advanced design and construction details. The Mexico-based CEMEX, one of the world‟s largest producers of Cement and ready-mix concrete, was awarded a contract to deliver tons of

high-quality cement to help build the main part of the bridge, the two approach bridges and the tunnel.

When it opened in July 2000, the Oresund Bridge consisted of a 3.5-kilometer immersed tunnel, the largest of its kind in the world, a 4-kilometer long artificial island (made from mud dug out from the bottom of strait to make space for the tunnel) and a 7.8-kilometer cable-stayed bridge, the world‟s longest bridge including both a highway and a railroad.

Though just half of the total construction, the actual bridge span, is visible above water, the overall architecture was designed to please the eye from both the Danish

and Swedish sides of the strait.

The four 204-meter (670 feet) tall pillars carrying the bridge have a simple Scandinavian design. To drivers and passengers crossing the bridge, the pillars

provide a visual, as well as actual, impression of stability and calm.

The two-level structure is made of steel and concrete. Along tile two approach bridges, tracks are placed in concrete troughs that turn into steel decks on the bridge.

The bridge‟s upper deck carries cars and trucks, while the lower deck accommodates

the railroad. The four pillars are grounded in giant cement boxes placed at the bottom of the strait, about 18 meters below sea level.

Last year, an average of 13,600 vehicles and 17,000 passengers crossed the bridge everyday, and traffic continues to increase by 10-20 percent every year.

Throughout the construction process, the Danish and Swedish environmental agencies have surveyed but found no changes in the wildlife, birds, fish and

vegetation surrounding the bridge. In addition, the chemicals used in construction and the percentage of waste materials have been kept to a minimum, as required by both Danish and Swedish laws.

In 2003, the Oresund Bridge won the IABSE (International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering) Outstanding Structural Award for its innovative

design, planning and construction management, as well as its strict compliance with the time schedule, budget and environmental requirements.

韩老师参考译文：

从丹麦和瑞典政府签署修建连接两国的跨海大桥协议到厄勒海峡大桥正式建成通车共历时九年。厄勒海峡大桥是多功能桥，可通行汽车、火车、卡车和自行车。

厄勒海峡大桥于 1991 年 3 月开始设计并奠基，2000 年 7 月工程竣工。今天， 厄勒海峡大桥是世界上最长的斜拉桥，火车和汽车可同时通行。厄勒海峡大桥

包括海底隧道在内全长约 16 公里，是建筑工程史上的一大奇迹。同时，事实证明，厄勒海峡大桥的落成对文化交流和经济发展也起到了巨大的推动作用。厄 勒海峡大桥作为一座斜拉大桥，外观设计简约雅致，是斯堪的纳维亚半岛极简 主义的代表，对欧尔松地区的发展做出了巨大贡献。欧尔松地区包括哥本哈根 在内的丹麦东部和包括马尔默及隆德在内的瑞典西南部地区。

自厄勒海峡大桥 2000 年通车以来，马尔默和哥本哈根之间的交通流量翻了两番，迁往瑞典南部的丹麦人数量增加了五倍，欧尔松地区也发展成为文化和 经济中心，成为欧盟认定的经济文化发展示范区。

厄勒海峡大桥工程于 1995 年开始动工，由国际知名的咨询和建筑公司共同负责建设。

厄勒海峡大桥工程从一开始就严格遵守国际最高环保标准，设计和建设施工环节也都达到国际一流水准。作为世界上水泥和预拌混凝土主要生产商之一的墨西哥水泥公司获得了工程合同，为桥梁主体、两座引桥和海底隧道的修建提供了数吨优质水泥。

2000 年 7 月大桥建成通车。厄勒海峡大桥包括三部分：3.5 公里的海底隧道， 这是世界上最宽敞的海底隧道；4 公里的人工岛，用挖隧道时清理出的淤泥堆积

而成；7.8 公里的斜拉桥，这是世界上最长的斜拉桥，可供汽车和火车同时通行。露出水面的桥跨部分仅占整个工程的一半，不过，大桥的整体建筑风格兼

顾了丹麦和瑞典两国的审美观。

斜拉桥部分四个 204 米高的桥柱设计属于斯堪的纳维亚极简主义风格。对于过桥的司机和乘客而言，这种设计风格的桥柱无论从视觉角度还是从实际体验来讲都给人以平静安稳的感觉。

大桥是双层设计，由钢材和水泥建成。在引桥部分铺设了水泥槽，到了主体斜拉桥部分则变成了钢板桥面。大桥上层走汽车和卡车，下层跑火车。四根桥柱由位于海下 18 米处的海峡底部水泥堵漏箱固定。

去年厄勒海峡大桥平均每天有 13,600 部车辆和 17,000 名乘客穿行桥面，交通流量以每年 10-20%的速度继续增加。

在大桥修建过程中，丹麦和瑞典环境部门进行了环评调查，结果发现，大桥修建并未对大桥周边的野生动物、鱼类和植被带来影响。同时，施工期间还按照丹麦和瑞典的相关法律尽可能减少化学品的使用，产生的工程垃圾也控制在了最低水平。

2003 年，厄勒海峡大桥荣获国际桥梁与建筑工程协会颁发的“杰出建筑工程奖”，这是对该建筑工程在设计创新、规划和建筑管理以及工期、预算和环境影 响方面卓越表现的充分肯定。

第二部分：汉译英

能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。

过去 100 多年里，发达国家先后完成了工业化，消耗了地球上大量的自然资源，特别是能源资源。当前，一些发展中国家正在步入工业化阶段，能源消费增加是经济社会发展的客观必然。

中国是当今世界上最大的发展中国家，发展经济，摆脱贫困，是中国政府

和中国人民在相当长一段时期内的主要任务。20 世纪 70 年代末以来，中国作为

世界上发展最快的发展中国家，经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就，成功地开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，为世界的发展和繁荣作出了重大贡献。

中国是目前世界上第二位能源生产国和消费国。能源供应持续增长，为经济社会发展提供了重要的支撑。能源消费的快速增长，为世界能源市场创造了广阔的发展空间。中国已经成为世界能源市场不可或缺的重要组成部分，对维护全球能源安全，正在发挥着越来越重要的积极作用。

官方参考译文：

Energy is an essential material basis for human survival and development. Over the entire history of mankind, each and every significant step in the progress of human civilization has been accompanied by energy innovations and substitutions.

The development and utilization of energy has enormously boosted the development of the world economy and human society.

Over more than 100 years in the past, developed countries have completed their industrialization, consuming an enormous quantity of natural resources, especially energy resources, in the process. Today, some developing countries are ushering in their own era of industrialization, and an increase of energy consumption is inevitable

for their economic and social development.

China is the largest developing country in the world, and developing its

economy and eliminating poverty will, for a long time to come, remain the main tasks for the Chinese government and the Chinese people. Since the late 1970s, China, as the fastest growing developing country, has scored brilliant achievements in its economy and society that have attracted worldwide attention, successfully blazed the

trail of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and made significant contributions to world development and prosperity.

China is now the world's second-largest energy producer and consumer. The sustained growth of energy supply has provided an important support for the country's economic growth and social progress, while the rapid expansion of energy consumption has created a vast scope for the global energy market. As an irreplaceable component of the world energy market, China plays an increasingly important role in maintaining global energy security.

韩老师参考译文：

Energy serves as a crucial material/physical basis that sustains the human society.

If we look at how the human society has evolved and prospered, we will understand

that revolutionary energy upgrading has accompanied human progress every step of the way. Energy development and exploitation has played a key role in driving the world economy and human society forward/ has given a strong boost to global

socio-economic development.

The past century and more has seen developed countries get fully industrialized

at the cost/expense of enormous natural resources, particularly energy sources. At this point, some developing countries are in the midst of industrialization where increases in energy consumption are part of what it takes to grow their economies and improve social well-being.

As the largest developing economy in the world, China has a long, hard journey to go before the government and the people can eventually shake off poverty through economic expansion. China has emerged as the fastest-growing economy since late 1970s, impressing the world with enviable/remarkable/measurable/visible

socio-economic gains. China has also identified the road to socialism with distinctive Chinese features along the way. As such, China has contributed a great deal/also emerged as a great contributor to global prosperity.

China represents the world‟s second largest energy producer and consumer. Rising energy supply serves as a strong underpinner/driver for socio-economic development in China, while rapid increase in energy use promises a huge market

potential for energy producers worldwide. As an integral part of/indispensable part of the world energy market, China is becoming increasingly crucial/instrumental/pivotal to global energy security.

2007 年 11 月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

第一部分：英译汉

One of the biggest decisions Andy Blevins has ever made, and one of the few he

now regrets, never seemed like much of a decision at all. It just felt like the natural thing to do.

In the summer of 1995, he was moving boxes of soup cans, paper towels and

dog food across the floor of a supermarket warehouse, one of the biggest buildings here in southwest Virginia. The heat was brutal. The job had sounded impossible when he arrived fresh off his first year of college, looking to make some summer money, still a skinny teenager with sandy blond hair and a narrow, freckled face. But hard work done well was something he understood, even if he was the first college boy in his family. Soon he was making bonuses on top of his $6.75 an hour, more money than either of his parents made. His girlfriend was around, and so were his hometown buddies. Andy acted more outgoing with them, more relaxed. People in Chilhowie noticed that.

It was just about the perfect summer. So the thought crossed his mind: maybe it

did not have to end. Maybe he would take a break from college and keep working. He had been getting C's and D's, and college never felt like home, anyway.

"I enjoyed working hard, getting the job done, getting a paycheck," Mr. Blevins recalled. "I just knew I didn't want to quit."

So he quit college instead, and with that, Andy Blevins joined one of the largest and fastest-growing groups of young adults in America. He became a college dropout, though nongraduate may be the more precise term.

Many people like him plan to return to get their degrees, even if few actually do. Almost one in three Americans in their mid-20's now fall into this group, up from one in five in the late 1960's, when the Census Bureau began keeping such data. Most

come from poor and working-class families.

That gap had grown over recent years. "We need to recognize that the most serious domestic problem in the United States today is the widening gap between the children of the rich and the children of the poor," Lawrence H. Summers, the president of Harvard, said last year when announcing that Harvard would give full scholarships to all its lowest-income students. "And education is the most powerful weapon we have to address that problem."

Andy Blevins says that he too knows the importance of a degree. Ten years after trading college for the warehouse, Mr. Blevins, 29, spends his days at the same supermarket company. He has worked his way up to produce buyer, earning $35,000

a year with health benefits and a 401(k) plan. He is on a path typical for someone who attended college without getting a four-year degree. Men in their early 40's in this category made an average of $42,000 in 2000. Those with a four-year degree made $65,000.

Mr. Blevins says he has many reasons to be happy. He lives with his wife, Karla, and their year-old son, Lucas, in a small blue-and-yellow house in the middle of a stunningly picturesque Appalachian valley.

"Looking back, I wish I had gotten that degree," Mr. Blevins said in his

soft-spoken lilt. "Four years seemed like a thousand years then. But I wish I would have just put in my four years."

Why so many low-income students fall from the college ranks is a question without a simple answer. Many high schools do a poor job of preparing teenagers for college. Tuition bills scare some students from even applying and leave others with years of debt. To Mr. Blevins, like many other students of limited means, every week of going to classes seemed like another week of losing money.

"The system makes a false promise to students," said John T. Casteen III, the president of the University of Virginia, himself the son of a Virginia shipyard worker.

韩老师参考译文：

安迪﹒布莱文斯曾做过许多重大决定，也很少会为做出的决定感到后悔， 但有一个决定至今让他难以释怀。不过，这个决定当时看来根本就算不上什么决定，感觉只是顺势而为。

1995 年的夏天，安迪﹒布莱文斯来到一家超市仓库工作。这个仓库是弗吉尼亚西南部最大的建筑之一，他在这里负责搬运成箱的汤罐头、纸巾和狗粮。这里闷热难当，对于刚刚读完大一前来打工的他来说似乎是一份难以接受的差事。安迪﹒布莱文斯当时骨瘦如柴，头发呈沙金色，脸庞瘦削长有雀斑。他来这里打工就是想趁暑假赚点钱。

虽然安迪﹒布莱文斯是家里的第一个大学生，但是他很清楚，哪怕再苦再 累也要把工作做好。一开始他的小时工资是 6.75 美元，这比父母的小时工资还高，而且他很快就拿到了奖金。当时身边有女朋友和老乡陪伴，他整个人更加 开朗乐观，奇洛威的人们也注意到了他的这一变化。

整个夏天他过得非常惬意，有个想法不由划过心头：也许不必结束这份工

作，休学接着工作也不失为一个选择。当时他在大学里的考试成绩很不理想， 不是 C 就是 D，而且在学校里感觉一点也不自在。

“我很享受这种过程：辛勤工作，完成任务，然后领取工资”，安迪﹒布莱文斯回想当时的感受时说，“当时我只是不想放弃这份工作。”

后来他选择退学，加入了辍学就业的青年大军。在美国这是一个较为庞大的青年群体，而且仍以较快的速度不断壮大。就这样，他成了大学辍学生，或者更准确来说是非大学毕业生。

许多像他这样大学退学的人计划重返校园获取学位，但是真正能付诸行动者仍是少数。美国人口普查局从二十世纪六十年代晚期开始统计大学辍学就业群体的情况，当时在二十五六岁上下的年轻人中大学辍学就业者的比例为五分之一，而现在这一比例已上升至约三分之一，其中大部分人来自于贫困和工薪家庭。

近些年来富裕和贫困家庭背景的学生之间差距不断拉大。去年哈佛大学校

长劳伦斯﹒ H ﹒萨默斯宣布将向所有低收入家庭的学生提供全额奖学金。他说， “我们必须认识到，美国当今最为严重的国内问题是富裕家庭子女与贫困家庭子女之间的差距越来越大，缩小差距最有效的途径就是教育。”

安迪﹒布莱文斯说他也知道大学学位很重要。安迪﹒布莱文斯今年二十九

岁，从十年前辍学到现在，他一直都在这家超市连锁公司工作。他现在已经晋

升为公司采购员，年薪 3.5 万美元，有医疗保险和养老保险。他现在的状况是大

学辍学就业群体的一个缩影。根据 2000 年的统计，对于四十出头的男性而言，

没有大学学位的人平均年薪为 4.2 万美元，有大学学位的人则为 6.5 万美元。

安迪﹒布莱文斯说，他现在过得还算比较幸福。他的家坐落在风光旖旎的阿巴拉契亚山谷中，他现在与妻子卡拉和刚一岁的儿子卢卡斯住在一所蓝黄相间的小房子里。

“现在回想起来，当时要是能拿到大学学位就好了，” 安迪﹒布莱文斯以柔和又不失活泼的口吻说道，“那时大学四年感觉遥遥无期。当时要是熬过那四年就好了。”

这么多有经济困难的大学生选择辍学确实是个问题，但解决这个问题也绝非易事。许多高中教学质量不尽如人意，大学学费高昂令很多学生望而却步， 那些申请就读的学生则要花数年时间才能还清贷款。对于像安迪﹒布莱文斯这样家庭条件不好的学生而言，上一星期课等于少赚一星期钱。

身为弗吉尼亚大学校长的约翰﹒T﹒卡斯汀三世出身于弗吉尼亚一个造船工人的家庭。他说，“教育体系给学生做了一个虚假的承诺。”

第二部分：汉译英

提起东盟国家，我就想起去年在东盟会议上，马哈蒂尔先生和吴作栋先生曾经形象地把中国比喻成一个友好的大象。

他们说，中国的崛起不会对其他们存在任何威胁。中国有 5000 年的文明史， 有过辉煌的过去，也有过屈辱的往事。中国的崛起是多少代中国人的梦想。中

国和平崛起的要义在什么地方？

第一，中国和平崛起就是要充分利用世界和平的大好时机，努力发展和壮大自己。同时又以自己的发展，维护世界和平。

第二，中国的崛起应把基点主要放在自己的力量上，独立自 主、自力更生，艰苦奋斗，依靠广阔的国内市场、充足的劳动力资源和雄厚的资

金储备，以及改革带来的机制创新。

第三，中国的崛起离不开世界。中国必须坚持开 放的政策，在平等互利的原则上，同世界一切友好国家发展经贸往来。

第四，中国的崛起需要很长的时间，恐怕要多少代人的努力奋斗。

第五，中国的崛起不会妨碍 任何人，也不会威胁任何人，也不会牺牲任何人。中国现在不称霸，将来即使强大了也永远不会称霸。

官方参考译文：

Your mention of ASEAN reminds me of an ASEAN meeting I attended last year.

I remember on that occasion Mr. Mahathir and Mr. Goh Chok Tong drew a vivid analogy between China and a "friendly elephant".

They told me the rise of China would not pose a threat to their countries. To answer your question, let me say China has a history of 5,000 years. We had a

glorious past, but we also suffered humiliation and subjugation. The rise of China and its rejuvenation are the dreams of the Chinese people for many generations. What are the connotations of China's peaceful rise? Let me make the following points.

Firstly, in promoting China's peaceful rise, we must take full advantage of the very good opportunity of world peace to endeavor to develop and strengthen ourselves, and at the same time safeguard world peace with our own development.

Secondly, the rise of China can only be based on our own strength and on our independent, self-reliant and hard efforts. It also has to be based on the broad market of China, the abundant human resources and capital reserves as well as the innovation of our systems as a result of reform.

Thirdly, China's rise could not be achieved without the rest of the world. We must always maintain the opening up policy and develop economic and trade exchanges with all friendly countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. Fourthly, China's rise will require a long period of time and probably the hard work of many generations of Chinese people.

Fifthly, the rise of China will not stand in the way of any other country or pose a threat to any other country, or be achieved at the expense of any particular nation.

China does not seek hegemony now. Nor will we ever seek hegemony even after China becomes more powerful.

韩老师参考译文：

The very mention of ASEAN leads me back to the ASEAN summit meeting last year when Mr. Mahathir and Mr. Goh Chok Tong compared China to a friendly elephant.

They argued that China‟s rise won‟t pose any threat to anyone. China has witnessed both glorious moments and humiliating episodes in its history of over 5,000 years. The rise of China has been a dream cherished by many generations of the Chinese nation. What is China‟s peaceful rise all about?

First, it means we must seize upon the exciting opportunity that the prevailing peaceful international environment offers us to boost our own development as a way of safeguarding world peace in return.

Second, we must rely largely on our own to push for China‟s rise. That means we must make full use of our vast market, abundant labor force and large capital reserve and embrace reform-driven institutional innovation.

Third, China can‟t rise in isolation from the rest of the world. China must remain open and committed to business interactions with all countries of good will on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.

Fourth, it will take years, decades or even generations before China truly rises as a global power.

Fifth, China‟s rise won‟t get in the way of others, threaten anyone or happen at the sacrifice of anybody else. China doesn‟t and will never seek hegemony even after it becomes a global power.

2008 年 5 月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

第一部分：英译汉

A year ago, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with orderly rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high quality Italian pasta. Today it overflows

with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.

Lured by generous new subsidies to develop alternative energy sources - and a measure of concern about the future of the planet - European farmers are plunging into growing crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions

than gas or oil when burned. They are chasing after their counterparts in the Americas who have been cropping for biofuel for more than five years.

"This is a much-needed boost to our economy, our farms," said Marcello Pini, a farmer, standing in front of the sea of waving yellow flowers he planted for the first time this year. "Of course we hope it helps the environment, too."

In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the

biofuels industry in Europe, approved a directive that included a "binding target" requiring member states to use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020 - the most ambitious and specific goal in the world.

Most EU states are currently far from achieving the target, and are introducing new incentives and subsidies to boost production.

As a result, bioenergy crops have now replaced food as the most profitable crop in a number European countries. In this part of Italy, for example, the government guarantees the purchase of biofuel crops at €22 per 100 kilograms, or $13.42 per 100 pounds - nearly twice the €11-to-€12 rate per 100 kilograms of wheat on the open

market last year. Better still, European farmers are allowed to plant biofuel crops on "set-aside" fields, land that EU agriculture policy would otherwise require them to leave fallow to prevent an oversupply of food.

But an expert panel convened by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization this month pointed out that the biofuels boom produces both benefits as well as tradeoff and risks - including higher and wildly fluctuating global food prices. In some markets grain prices have nearly doubled because farmers are planting for biofuels,

"At a time when agricultural prices are low, in comes biofuel and improves the

lot of farmers and injects life into rural areas," said Gustavo Best, an expert at the

United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. "But as the scale grows and the demand for biofuel crops seems to be infinite, we're seeing some negative effects and we need to hold up a yellow light."

Josette Sheeran, the new head of the UN World Food program, which fed nearly

90 million people in 2006, said that biofuels created new dilemmas for her agency. "An increase in grain prices impacts us because we are a major procurer of grain for food. So biofuels are both a challenge and an opportunity."

In Europe, the rapid conversion of fields that once grew wheat or barley to biofuel oils like rapeseed is already leading to shortages of ingredients for making pasta and brewing beer, suppliers say. That could translate into higher prices in supermarkets.

"New and increasing demand for bioenergy production has put high pressure on the whole world grain market," said Claudia Conti, a spokeswoman for Barilla, one of the largest Italian pasta makers. "Not only German beer producers, but Mexican tortilla makers have see the cost of their main raw material growing quickly to quickly to historical highs."

For some experts, more worrisome is the potential impact to low-income consumers from the displacement of food crops by bioenergy plantings. In the

developing world, the shift from growing food to growing more lucrative biofuel crops destined for richer countries could create serious hunger and damage the environment in places where wild land is converted to biofuel cultivation, the FAO expert panel concluded.

But officials at the European Commission say they are pursuing a measured course that will prevent the worst price and supply problems that have plagued American markets.

"We see in the United States farmers going crazy growing corn for biofuels, but also producing shortages of food and feed," said Michael Mann, a commission spokesman. "So we see biofuel as a good opportunity - but it shouldn't be the be-all and end-all for agriculture."

In a recent speech, Mariann Fischer Boel, the EU agriculture and rural

development commissioner, said that the 10 percent EU target was "not a shot in the dark," but rather carefully chosen to encourage a level of biofuel industry growth that would not produce undue hardship for the Continent's poor. Over the next 14 years,

she calculated, it would push up would raw material prices for cereal by 3 percent to

6 percent by 2020, while prices for oilseed may rise between 5 percent and 18 percent.

But food prices on the shelves would barely change, she said.

韩老师参考译文：

一年前，罗马附近这片绿油油的沿海农田还到处生长着一排排的硬质小麦， 这种小麦是制作优质意面不可或缺的原料。现如今，这里已是遍地油菜，这种 开黄花的多节、高杆植物看似杂草，现在则成为欧洲农民的一大福音：油菜可 以用来生产生物燃料。

生物燃料比石油、天然气更加清洁。现在欧洲对发展替代能源给予大量补贴，同时人们也开始对地球的未来感到担忧，在这种背景下，欧洲的农民纷纷改种生物燃料作物。美洲农民种植生物燃料作物已有五年多的历史，欧洲农民现在也正步其后尘。

“我们的经济、我们的农场正急需这种推动力，”农民马尔切洛﹒皮尼站在地头说。他今年是第一次种植油菜，田里油菜花恣意怒放，黄色的花海随风荡漾。他说，“当然，我们也希望发展生物燃料能有助于环保。”

欧洲生物燃料产业发展缓慢，欧洲委员会对此大为失望，在三月份通过了 一份议案，其中包括一项约束性指标，要求各成员国到 2020 年确保生物燃料占到交通能源供应的 10%，这是世界范围内最为宏伟也最为具体的有关生物燃料发展的目标。

大部分欧盟国家现在离这一目标还相距甚远，纷纷出台新的激励措施并提供更多补贴来支持生物燃料的生产。

在一些欧洲国家，生物燃料作物现已取代粮食作物，成为最有利可图的作物品种。比如，在意大利的上述地区，政府对生物燃料作物实行最低收购价，

为每百公斤 22 欧元，折合每百磅 13.42 美元，去年公开市场的小麦价格仅为每

百公斤 11 至 12 欧元，价格相差近一倍。欧洲为避免出现粮食供过于求而规划了休耕地，农民们现在获准在休耕地里种植生物燃料作物，这更是一大利好。

不过，本月联合国粮农组织召开的专家小组会议指出，生物燃料产业的迅猛发展有利也有弊，导致全球粮价高涨、剧烈波动。在有些国家，农民纷纷改种生物燃料作物，致使粮价已近翻番。

“正当农产品价格低迷之时，生物燃料产业开始兴起，不仅改善了农民的生活，也为农村地区增添了活力，”粮农组织专家古斯塔沃﹒贝斯特说，“不过随着生物燃料产业规模不断扩大，同时人们对生物燃料作物似乎有无限需求，这 个产业的发展正产生一些负面影响，我们需要亮起黄灯（来警醒世人）。”

2006 年联合国世界粮食署为近 9000 万人提供了粮食援助，该机构新任总干事约瑟特．施林称，生物燃料产业的发展使粮食署又陷入窘境。她说，“我们粮 食署是粮食主要采购方，粮价上涨肯定对我们的工作产生影响。因此，生物燃

料产业的发展对我们来说是机遇与挑战并存。”

许多供应商说，欧洲过去种植小麦或大麦的农田现在纷纷改种油菜等生物燃料作物，制作意面、酿造啤酒所需的原料开始出现短缺，这最终会推高超市食品的价格。

“生物燃料需求不断增加，对全球粮食市场已造成巨大压力，”意大利意面生产龙头企业巴里拉的发言人克劳迪亚﹒孔蒂说，“不仅是德国啤酒酿造商，就连墨西哥薄饼制造商的主要原材料成本都出现飙升，创下历史新高。”

有些专家认为，改种生物燃料作物对低收入群体的潜在影响更令人堪忧。粮农组织专家小组得出结论称，在发展中国家，农民开始改种更有利可图的生物燃料作物以满足发达国家的能源需求，特别是有些地区甚至利用荒地来种植生物燃料作物，这将会给当地造成严重饥饿和环境破坏。

不过，欧洲委员会官员们称，他们正在实施稳步有序的行动计划，美洲市场曾出现的粮食价格和供应方面的严重问题（粮价飙升和粮食短缺问题）不会在欧洲发生。

“美国农民纷纷种植玉米用于生产生物燃料，但同时粮食和动物饲料却出现短缺，”欧洲委员会发言人迈克尔•曼说，“所以，我们认为生物燃料产业发展确实是个良机，但不应成为农业发展的终极目标。”

欧盟农业专员玛丽安•费舍•珀尔在最近的演讲中曾说，欧盟所设定的比重

10%的目标“并非无的放矢”，而是经过认真考虑后制定的，旨在促进生物燃料产业发展的同时不会给欧洲的贫困群体带来过重负担。她说，从现在起到 2020 年的 14 年里，生物燃料产业的发展将会使谷类原材料价格上升 3%至 6%，油料作物价格上升 5%至 18%，但是，消费食品价格不会有多大变动。

第二部分：汉译英

中国历来重视人才工作，并实施”人才强国“战略，大力开发人力市场资源， 为人才发挥作用创造必要的条件和环境中国目前实行的是工程技术人员职称聘

任制度，经过多年的实践，中国已经形成了一套比较完整的工程技术人员制度， 并探索实行工程技术人员职称聘任制度。

工程技术人员职务聘任制度形成于计划经济时期，随着社会主义市场经济 的建立和经济社会的发展需要进一步完善和改革，人事部、建设部、教育部、 中国工程院、中国科协等部门专门成立了领导小组，组织关于技术人才的研究， 提出工程技术人才改革框架，建立以业绩和能力为导向的、科学的、人才绩效 评价制度，并积极促进工程师国际互认和资格准入制度。

韩老师参考译文：

Human resource development has long been high on the agenda of China. The Chinese government has put in place the strategy of empowering the country with a

strong pool of talents in ways that enable talents to bring their potential into full play/bring out their best/reach their full potential. Years of practice has shaped/resulted in/culminated in a complete/well-developed personnel system for engineers and technicians, who are now employed in line with professional titles.

As the title-oriented employment practice is a product of planned economy, it has to be refined so that it can adapt to an emerging socialist market economy and meet the evolving needs of socio-economic development in China. To this end, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Housing and

Urban-rural Development, the Chinese Academy of Engineering and

China Association for Science and Technology have co-founded/jointly established a leading group to coordinate research on technical professionals. The task force has charted a reform course for the engineering and technical community and developed

a merit-driven appraisal system. The leading team has also worked hard to facilitate international mutual recognition and qualification-based access for engineers.

2008 年 11  月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

第一部分：英译汉

LONGYEARBYEN, Norway — With plant species disappearing at an alarming

rate, scientists and governments are creating a global network of plant banks to store seeds and sprouts, precious genetic resources that may be needed for man to adapt the world‟s food supply to climate change.

This week, the flagship of that effort, the Global Seed Vault near here, received its first seeds, millions of them. Bored into the middle of a frozen Arctic

mountain topped with snow, the vault‟s goal is to store and protect samples of every type of seed from every seed collection in the world.

As of Thursday, thousands of neatly stacked and labeled gray boxes of seeds — peas from Nigeria, corn from Mexico — reside in this glazed cavelike structure, forming a sort of backup hard drive, in case natural disasters or human errors erase the seeds from the outside world.

Descending almost 500 feet under the permafrost, the entrance tunnel to the seed

vault is designed to withstand bomb blasts and earthquakes. An automated digital monitoring system controls temperature and provides security akin to a missile silo or Fort Knox. No one person has all the codes for entrance.

The Global Vault is part of a broader effort to gather and systematize information about plants and their genes, which climate change experts say may indeed prove more valuable than gold. In Leuven, Belgium, scientists are scouring the world for banana samples and preserving their shoots in liquid nitrogen before they become extinct. A similar effort is under way in France on coffee plants. A number of plants, most from the tropics, do not produce seeds that can be stored.

For years, a hodgepodge network of seed banks has been amassing seed and

shoot collections in a haphazard manner. Labs in Mexico banked corn species. Those in Nigeria banked cassava. Now these scattershot efforts are being urgently

consolidated and systematized, in part because of better technology to preserve plant genes and in part because of the rising alarm about climate change and its impact on world food production.

“We started thinking about this post-9/11 and on the heels of Hurricane Katrina,” said Cary Fowler, president of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, a nonprofit group that runs the vault. “Everyone was saying, why didn‟t anyone prepare for a hurricane before? We knew it was going to happen.

“Well, we are losing biodiversity every day — it‟s a kind of drip, drip, drip.

It‟s also inevitable. We need to do something about it.”

This week the urgency of the problem was underscored as wheat prices rose to record highs and wheat stores dropped to the lowest level in 35 years. A series of droughts and new diseases cut wheat production in many parts of the world. “The erosion of plants‟ genetic resources is really going fast,” said Dr. Rony Swennen, head of the division of crop biotechnology at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, who has preserved half of the world‟s 1,200 banana types. “We‟re at a critical moment and if we don‟t act fast, we‟re going to lose a lot of plants that we may need.”

The United Nations International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, ratified in 2004, created a formal global network for banking and sharing seeds, as well as for studying their genetic traits. Last year, its database received thousands of new seeds.

A system of plant banks could be crucial in responding to climate crises since it could identify genetic material and plant strains better able to cope with a changed environment.

Here at the Global Vault, hundreds of gray boxes containing seeds from places ranging from Syria to Mexico were moved this week into a freezing vault to be

placed in suspended animation. They harbor a vast range of qualities, like the ability to withstand drier, warmer climate.

韩老师参考译文：

挪威朗伊尔城—植物物种灭绝速度惊人，科学界和各国政府现正努力创建一个全球性的植物银行系统，以备不时之需。植物银行用来存储种子和苗芽， 为人类保存珍贵的植物基因资源，帮助人类适应气候变化对粮食生产带来的影响。

本周位于朗伊尔城附近的全球种子库接收了第一批共计数百万粒种子。这座全球最大的种子库位于北极附近一座终年冰封、白雪皑皑的大山内部。全球种子库建立的初衷是要存储来自世界各地的各种各类植物种子。

截止到周四，该种子库共存储了数千箱种子。这些灰色箱子码放整齐、标示清晰，收集了包括尼日利亚豌豆和墨西哥玉米等多种植物的种子样本。这座

酷似山洞的种子库内层涂釉，起着“备份硬盘”的关键作用：一旦外部世界的种子因为天灾人祸灭绝了，存储在这里的种子就可以派上用场。

该种子库的入口隧道位于永冻层下约 500 英尺，可以抵御爆炸和地震的冲击。种子库内有一个自动数字监测系统，可以像导弹发射井或诺克斯堡黄金地

库那样控制库内温度，确保安全。同时，进入种子库的密码由数人共同管理。

全球种子库及其他相关项目旨在收集、整理植物及其基因的相关信息，气候变化专家称，这些植物基因的价值甚至超过黄金。为防止香蕉物种灭绝，比利时鲁汶的科学家们正在全世界收集香蕉样本，将其种苗保存在液态氮里。法国也正在对咖啡树基因资源进行类似收集、保护工作。有些植物特别是一些热带植物没有可以用于储存的种子。

多年来，全球种子银行系统一直进行种子及芽苗的收储工作，但缺乏系统性，如：墨西哥的种子库收储玉米样本，尼日利亚的种子库收储木薯样本。现在正抓紧对这些种子库进行系统性整合，一方面是因为植物基因存储技术提高了，另一方面是因为人们对气候变化及其对全球粮食生产所带来的影响的认识不断加强。

非营利性组织全球农作物多样性信托基金负责运营这家全球种子库。“在„9

﹒11‟恐怖袭击以及卡特里娜飓风之后我们就开始考虑如何开展工作了，”该基金主席卡里•福勒说，“大家都在说，为什么没有人为飓风灾害做应急准备呢？毕竟我们都知道飓风迟早会发生。”

他说，“现在每天都有物种在灭绝，在一点点消失，物种灭绝是不可避免的。但我们必须对此有所作为才行。”

本周，小麦价格连创新高，小麦储量降至 35 年来的最低点，突显了采取行动的紧迫性。许多地区旱灾和新病害频发，造成小麦减产。比利时鲁汶天主教 大学农作物生物技术系主任罗尼﹒斯文奈恩对全球 1200 个香蕉品种的收集取样工作完成了一半。他说：“植物基因资源消失的速度确实很快，我们处在一个关键时期。如果我们不及时行动的话，许多人类未来可能赖以生存的植物物种将 走向灭绝。”

按照 2004 年批准通过的《联合国国际植物基因资源条约》而建立的全球种子银行系统旨在存储和共享植物种子资源并对其基因特性进行研究。去年，全 球种子银行系统共接收了数千个种子样本。

种子银行系统可以帮助确定那些环境适应能力较强的基因物质和植物品种，这对人类应对气候变化至关重要。

本周，数百箱来自于叙利亚和墨西哥等世界各地的植物种子样本送达全球 种子库进行冷冻休眠储存。这些种子样本分别具有抗旱、耐热等各种遗传特性。

第二部分：汉译英

中国人民选择和平发展道路，是基于中国的传统文化、惨痛的历史和现实的巨大成就所作出的明智选择。

中国是一个有 5000 年历史的文明古国，有着与外来文化取长补短、兼容并蓄的传统。我们的祖先历来强调“以和为贵”。历史上，中国在对外交往中始终强调亲仁善邻、和而不同。2000 多年前，中国与周边国家有使节往来、商品交易、文化交流，汉朝张骞出使西域开辟了陆上“丝绸之路”。1000 多年前，中国对外交往海陆并重，盛况空前，茶叶、丝绸、瓷器等商品远销亚欧诸多国家；600 多年前，中国明代航海家郑和率领舰队“七下西洋”，足迹遍及亚非 30 多个国家和地区，带去的是先进的农耕和手工艺技术，还有精美的产品和真诚的友谊。这

样的文化传统决定了今天的中国必然选择和平发展延续历史，并融入当今世界和平与发展的潮流。

从 19 世纪 80 年代之后的鸦片战争、甲午战争，到庚子之乱乃至 20 世纪 30 年代的日本侵华战争，中国惨遭东西方列强的屠戮和极其野蛮的经济掠夺；再

加上封建腐败和连年内乱，中国主权沦丧、生灵涂炭、国力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的灾难、惨痛的事实使中华民族深知和平之珍贵、发展之重要。这样的历史实践形成了中国人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理，坚定了中国人民走和平发展道路的信念。

1949 年新中国成立后，我们在发展道路上艰辛探索，既经历过成功的喜悦，

也经受过失败的挫折。从 1978 年开始，中国开启了新的征程，从计划转向市场， 从封闭转向开放，从自成一体转向融入经济全球化，走独立自主地建设中国特

色社会主义的道路，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。实践充分证明，坚持走和平发展的道路是正确的，既符合中国国情，又顺应时代潮流。中国将沿着这条和

平发展的道路，坚定不移地走下去。

官方参考译文：

The choice by the Chinese people to follow a peaceful path to development is a wise decision based on China's traditional culture, painful history and her tremendous achievements at the current stage.

China is an ancient civilization boasting 5,000 years' history with the tradition of seeking mutual complementarities, accommodation and integration with foreign

cultures. Our ancestors have always underscored the "cherishing of harmony". In

China's history of interactions with the outside world, she has consistently focused on the practice of befriending her neighbors while pursuing harmony out of a respect for differences. More than 2,000 years ago, China had exchanges of envoys, trade in commodities and cultural interchanges with her neighboring countries, with the

westward trip by envoy Zhang Qian of Han Dynasty chartering out a "silk road" in the Euro-Asia continent. More than 1,000 years ago, China was carrying out exchanges with the outside world over both land and sea, achieving an unprecedented

prosperity and selling such commodities as tea, silk and porcelain to many countries in Asia and Europe. 600 years ago, Voyager Zheng He of Ming Dynasty in China led

his fleet to the West Seas for seven times, reaching out to more than 30 countries and

regions across Asia and Africa. He brought along with him not only advanced agricultural and handicraft techniques, but also exquisite products and sincere friendship. Such a cultural heritage has decided that today's China will inevitably choose peaceful development to sustain the continuity of history as well as to align herself into the currents of peace and development in the global context.

From the Opium War and the First Sino-Japanese War after the 1840s, China's War on Foreign Invaders 1900 to the Japanese War of Aggression against China in

1930s, China was subject to the butchering of the then strong powers in the West and East and their extremely barbarian economic depredation. This, coupled with feudal corruption and years of successive civil strife and chaos, led to the loss of China's sovereignty and the horrendous suffering of her people, her national strength failing and people barely surviving. The grave disasters and the harsh facts have ingrained deeply into the Chinese nation the value of peace and the importance of development.

Such a historic experience has shaped the psychology of the Chinese people in our

quest for peace and hope for stability, consolidating our belief in following a path to peaceful development.

After the founding of New China in 1949, we have made arduous explorations in the course of our development, going through both the joys of success and the

frustrations of failure. Starting from 1978, China has embarked on a new journey of transforming from a planned to a market economy, from cloistered up to opening up,

from exclusive self-sustaining to integration into globalization. By following a path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics in an independent and self-reliant manner, we have scored glorious achievements that attracted worldwide attention.

Practice has amply demonstrated that it is right to adhere to a path of peaceful development, as it conforms to both China's reality and the trend of the times. China will unswervingly march onward alongside this path to peaceful development.

2009 年 5 月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

第一部分：英译汉

Last Friday an advisory panel to the European Environment Agency issued an extraordinary scientific opinion: The European Union should suspend its goal of having 10 percent of transportation fuel made from biofuel by 2020.

The European Union's biofuel targets were increased and extended from 5.75 percent by 2010 to 10 percent by 2020 just last year. Still, Europe's well-meaning rush to biofuels, the scientists concluded, had produced a slew of harmful ripple effects - from deforestation in Southeast Asia to higher prices for grains.

In a recommendation released last weekend, the 20-member panel, made up of

some of Europe's most distinguished climate scientists, called the 10 percent target "overambitious" and an "experiment" whose "unintended effects are difficult to predict and difficult to control."

"The idea was that we felt we needed to slow down, to analyze the issue carefully and then come back at the problem," Laszlo Somlyody, the panel's chairman and a professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, said in a

telephone interview.

He said that part of the problem was that when it set the targets, the European Union was trying desperately to solve the problem of rising transportation emissions "in isolation," without adequately studying the effects of other sectors like land use and food supply.

"The starting point was correct: I'm happy that the European Union took the lead in cutting greenhouse gasses and we need to control traffic emissions," Somlyody

said. "But the basic problem is it thought of transport alone, without considering all these other effects. And we don't understand those very well yet."

The panel's advice is not binding and it is not clear whether the European Commission will follow the recommendation.

It has become increasingly clear that the global pursuit of biofuels - encouraged by a rash of targets and subsides in both Europe and the United States - has not produced the desired effect.

Investigations have shown, for example, rain forests and peat swamp are being cleared to make way for biofuel plantations, a process that produces more emissions than the biofuels can save. Equally concerning, land needed to produce food for

people to eat is planted with more profitable biofuel crops, and water is diverted from the drinking supply.

In Europe and the United States, food prices for items like pizza and bread have increased significantly as grain stores shrink and wheat prices rise.

The price of wheat and rice are double those of a year ago, and corn is a third higher, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization said this week.

"Food price inflation hits the poor hardest, as the share of food in their total expenditures is much higher than that of wealthier populations," said Henri Josserand of the Food and Agriculture Organization

For example, the European Environment Agency advisory panel suggests that

the best use of plant biomass is not for transport fuel but to heat homes and generate electricity.

To be useful for vehicles, plant matter must be distilled to a fuel and often transported long distances. To heat a home, it can often be used raw or with minimal processing, and moved just a short distance away.

韩老师参考译文：

欧盟此前制定了一个有关生物燃料发展的目标，到 2020 年生物燃料在交通运输燃料供应中所占比例必须达到 10%，但上周五欧洲环境署顾问小组做出了一个重大科学决定，呼吁欧盟暂停执行该政策。

欧盟在去年才刚制定该目标，要求将生物燃料占比从 2010 年的 5.75%提高至 2020 年的 10%。不过，顾问小组的科学家们得出的结论是：欧洲倡导大力发展生物燃料初衷是好的，但是现已造成了东南亚森林砍伐、粮食价格攀升等各 种负面连锁反应。

该顾问小组由包括欧洲顶尖气候学家在内的 20 名成员组成。上周末该顾问

小组发布了一项建议，称 10%的占比目标“过高”，这种“实验”产生的其它影响难以预测和控制。

在接受电话采访时，布达佩斯技术与经济大学教授、该顾问小组组长拉兹

洛﹒索姆里奥迪（Laszlo Somlyody）说，“我们认为必须放缓生态燃料发展步伐，认真分析后再重新确定目标。”

他说，当欧盟制定相关目标时，没有就发展生态燃料对土地利用和粮食供应等其他相关领域造成的影响进行充分调研，片面、孤立地制定了交通运输领

域的减排政策和目标。

“出发点是对的：欧盟带头减排令人欣慰，我们也确实需要控制交通运输领域的排放，” 索姆里奥迪说，“但是问题在于，欧盟只想到了交通运输领域，没有考虑到其他领域因此受到的影响，而且目前我们对这些影响也并十分了

解。”

该顾问小组提出的上述建议并不具约束力，目前也尚不清楚欧洲委员会是否会赞同该建议。

此前，欧洲和美国都纷纷设立生物燃料发展目标并给予大力补贴，由此在全球掀起了生物燃料热，但是，现在有越来越多的证据表明，这股浪潮并没有产生预期效果。

比如，多项调查表明，现在人们为了种植生物燃料作物，不惜砍伐森林， 占用泥潭沼泽，由此产生的温室气体排放量甚至超过了使用生物燃料所减少的排放量，得不偿失。同样引人担忧的是，为了种植更为有利可图的生物燃料作物，基本粮田和饮用水均遭占用。

在欧洲和美国，粮食储备不断减少、小麦价格逐渐攀升，披萨和面包等食品的价格都出现了较大涨幅。

本周，联合国粮农组织称，小麦和大米的价格均同比翻番，玉米价格也出现了三分之一的涨幅。

粮农组织的亨利﹒约瑟兰德说，“穷人的食品支出在总支出中的占比远高于富人，所以粮食价格上涨对他们的影响最大。”

欧洲环境署顾问小组建议，对植物生物量的最佳利用不是生产燃料，而是用于家庭取暖和发电。

要生产车用生物燃料，植物生物量必须经过蒸馏，且制成燃料后还需要长途运输送达目的地。而如果换做家用的话，植物生物量往往可以直接利用或者经过简单加工即可利用，而且仅需短途运输。

第二部分：汉译英

作为一个国际商业中心，上海拥有繁忙的港口，亚洲最重要的证券交易所之一，以及世界 500 强都不能忽视的巨大市场。

上海已建成全国顶级的博物馆和歌剧院，还将举办 2010 年世界博览会，向

人们展示其商业和文化中心的地位。在世博会 153 年的历史中，拥有 1700 万人口的上海将成为发展中国家的首个东道主。

预计在 2010 年 5 月至 10 月的世博会期间，参观人数将达到创纪录的 7000 万人次。世博会的主题为：城市，让生活更美好。上海希望通过举办世博会盈

利的同时，能吸引资金流向其服务业。从长远看，世博会将有利于城市改造并全面提升海海的国际形象。

上海计划为世博会投资 30 亿美元。为确保世博会举办期间交通顺畅，还将投入更多资金用于改造道路和地铁。

根据世博会规划，所有会展建筑将建在黄浦江两岸，包括众多高科技展厅和一个会议中心。上海市政府决心通过举办世博会，不断改善城市生活。世博会结束后，大部分场址将被改造成生活、办公和休闲设施。

韩老师参考译文：

As a global business center, Shanghai is home to one of the busiest harbors in

the world and one of the leading bourses in Asia. The metropolitan city represents an enormous market that even Global 500 corporations can‟t afford to dismiss/ignore/overlook The top-notch/top-flight/premium museums and opera houses that have already been in place and the upcoming World Expo 2010 all testify to/mirror/showcase/speak volumes about the commercial and cultural significance/weight of the dynamic city. Shanghai, home to 17

million people, will be remembered as the first-ever city in a developing country that plays host to the 153-year-old extravaganza/event.

A record 70 million people are expected to visit the Expo that runs from May to October 2010/Shanghai is expected to welcome 70 million visitor arrivals during the Expo that runs from May to October 2010. The municipal government of Shanghai

hopes that the World Expo, under the theme of “Better City, Better Life”, could help direct/divert/channel investments to service sectors while generating profits for the local coffer. In the long run, the grand gathering promises to boost/facilitate/bolster urban transformation/upgrading and elevate the international profile of Shanghai/the Expo will go a long way towards/contribute to urban transformation and promote Shanghai‟s global image.

Beyond/On top of 3 billion US dollars of planned investment in the Expo itself, additional funds will be earmarked to smooth traffic by upgrading Shanghai‟s road network and subway system in the run-up to the event.

Based on the plan for the Expo, the Expo Site spans both sides of the Huangpu River, including numerous high-tech pavilions and one conference center. The local authorities of Shanghai are committed to hosting a successful Expo as a way to make

a difference in city life. Most of the venues are to be converted into living quarters, office space and recreational facilities after the Expo.

2009 年 11  月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

第一部分：英译汉

Plans are well under way for a year of celebrations to mark the upcoming bicentennial of one of Poland's favorite native sons-Frédéric, Chopin.

The prestigious International Chopin Competition for pianists will mark its 16th edition in October 2010. Held every five years, the competition draws scores of young musicians from all over the world. In addition, Warsaw's Chopin Museum,

with the world's largest collection of Chopin documents and other artifacts, will undergo a total redesign, modernization and expansion.

A lavishly illustrated new guidebook called "Chopin's Poland" was already published this year. It leads visitors to dozens of sites in Warsaw and elsewhere around the country where the composer lived, ate, studied, performed, visited or even partied.

"Actually, Chopin doesn't need to be promoted, but we hope that Poland and Polish culture can be promoted through Chopin," said Monika Strugala, who is coordinating the Chopin 2010 program under the aegis of the Fryderyk Chopin

Institute, a body set up by the Sejm in 2001 to promote and protect Chopin's work and image.

"We want to confirm to all that he is a very, very important Polish symbol," she said. Indeed, it's not much of an exaggeration to say that Chopin's music flows through the Polish national consciousness like some sort of cultural lifeblood.

The son of a Polish mother and a French émigréfather, Chopin was born in a manor house at Zelazowa Wola, about 50 kilometers, or 30 miles, west of Warsaw, and moved to Warsaw as an infant.

The manor is something of a Chopin shrine-since the 1930 s it has been a museum and center for concerts. Like the Chopin Museum in Warsaw, it, too, is undergoing extensive renovation as part of bicentennial preparations.

Chopin spent his first 20 years in and around Warsaw. He was already a noted pianist as a boy and composed concertos and other important works as a teenager. He carried Polish soil with him when he left Warsaw on a concert tour in 1830, just a few weeks before the outbreak of the November Uprising, an abortive Polish revolt

against Czarist Russia, which then ruled Warsaw and a broad swath of Polish territory.

Chopin remained in exile in France after the uprising was crushed. But so

attached was he to his native land that after his death in Paris in 1849 his heart-on his own instructions-was brought back to Warsaw for interment. The rest of his body is buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris.

"For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also,"reads the Biblical inscription on a plaque where his heart is kept today, preserved in an urn and concealed in a pillar of the Holy Cross Church in central Warsaw. Mozart's"Requiem" will be performed here as part of Bicentennial events.

Exile and patriotism, as well as extraordinary genius, have long made Chopin's appeal transcend all manner of social and political divides.

Polish folk motifs thread through some of his finest pieces, and patriotic fervor, as well as homesick longing, infuse some of his best-known works.

韩老师参考译文：

为庆祝波兰之子弗雷德里克•肖邦诞辰两百周年，波兰将举行为期一年的纪念活动，目前有关准备活动正在紧锣密鼓地进行。

2010 年 10 月将举行第十六届肖邦国际钢琴比赛。这一著名音乐赛事每五年举行一届，每届比赛都会吸引来自世界各地的数十位年轻有为的钢琴家同场竞

技。同时，华沙肖邦博物馆也将进行重新设计、升级和扩建。该博物馆收藏的有关肖邦的资料和藏品是世界上最多的。

今年早些时候发行的最新旅游手册名为 “肖邦的波兰”，配有大量精美的插图，游客可以按图索骥，踏着肖邦的足迹，一一拜访这位伟大的作曲家生前生 活、学习、演出和参观过的地方，去过的餐馆，甚至是参加过派对的地方。这 些景点多达几十处，遍布华沙和波兰各地。

2010 肖邦系列纪念活动的主办方是弗里德里克肖邦协会。该协会由波兰众

议院于 2001 年成立，致力于肖邦作品和形象的宣传与保护。负责活动组织协调工作的莫妮卡﹒斯图加拉（Monika Strugala）说，“事实上，肖邦本人早已名声在外，不用宣传了，我们只是希望通过肖邦来宣传波兰和波兰文化。”

斯图加拉说，“我们希望告知天下：肖邦是波兰十分重要的象征。”确实，肖邦的音乐流淌在波兰人的血液里，是波兰的民族文化之魂。

肖邦的妈妈是波兰人，父亲是法国移民。肖邦出生在华沙以西约 50 公里的热拉佐瓦﹒沃拉（Zelazowa Wola）庄园，年幼时随父母迁往华沙。

热拉佐瓦﹒沃拉庄园可谓是一个肖邦纪念馆。从二十世纪三十年代以来，

这里就成了肖邦博物馆，举行过许多场肖邦音乐会。这个纪念馆与华沙的肖邦博物馆一样，为了迎接肖邦两百年诞辰的到来，也要进行大面积翻修。

肖邦二十岁前一直住在华沙及周边地区。肖邦从小就显露出过人天赋，钢

琴演奏小有名气，不到二十岁就创作了协奏曲和其他重要的音乐作品。1830 年， 沙俄控制了华沙及波兰的大片领土，波兰爆发了反对俄国统治的十一月革命，

但以失败告终。就在革命爆发几周前，肖邦离开华沙，踏上了国外巡演之路。临行前，他特意随身携带了一抔祖国的泥土。

在波兰起义被镇压后，肖邦一直流亡法国。但是，肖邦依旧深深眷恋着自己的祖国。1849 年肖邦在巴黎去世后，按照遗愿，他的心脏被带回华沙安葬， 遗体的其他部分则葬在巴黎的拉雪兹公墓。

肖邦的心脏保存在一个匣子里，安放在华沙中部圣十字大教堂的一根立柱里。在安放处的一块匾上写有一句圣经铭文，“哪里是你最珍爱的地方，哪里就是你心的归属。”在二百周年诞辰纪念期间这里还将演奏莫扎特的《安魂曲》。

作为一名才华横溢的音乐家，肖邦常年颠沛流离、客居他乡却又对祖国怀有一颗赤子之心，人们对他的敬仰之情早已超越了社会、政治的藩篱。

肖邦的许多名曲佳作中都闪耀着波兰的民族情怀，浸润着他的悠悠思乡情、拳拳爱国心。

第二部分：汉译英

国际金融危机给中国带来了前所未有的困难和挑战。主要表现在：经济下行压力明显加大，进出口继续下滑，工业生产明显放缓，部分企业生产经营困难，就业难度加大。这场国际金融危机与中国发展方式转变、经济结构调整的关键时期不期而遇，新的挑战与既有矛盾相互交织，加大了我们解决问题的难度。

为应对国际金融危机冲击、保持经济平稳较快发展，中国及时调整宏观经济政策，果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，形成了进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的一揽子计划。我们大规模增加政府支出，实施总额 4 万亿元人民币的两年投资计划，实行结构性减税政策，多次降息和增加银行体系流动性，大范围实施产业调整振兴规划，大力推进科技创新和技术改造，大力加强节能减排和生态环境保护，继续调整国民收入分配格局，大力拓展国内市场特别是农村市场，大幅度提高社会保障水平。

现在，这些措施已取得初步成效、呈现出积极迹象，国内消费需求比较旺盛，投资需求稳步提高，社会大局保持稳定。这表明中国的应对思路是符合实际的，政策是积极有效的。中国为应对国际金融危机冲击采取的一系列举措不仅对本国经济、而且对区域经济乃至世界经济都将产生积极影响。

官方参考译文：

The international financial crisis has brought unprecedented difficulties and challenges to China. We are experiencing greater downward pressure on economic growth. Imports and exports have been on the decline. Industrial production has notably slowed down. Some enterprises are having a hard time in their production and business operation, and employment is becoming more and more difficult. This crisis coincides with a crucial juncture in China‟s efforts to transform the growth pattern and adjust the economic structure. New challenges coupled with existing problems have made our task all the more arduous.

To counter the impact of the international financial crisis and maintain steady and relatively fast economic growth, China has made timely adjustment to its macroeconomic policies, swiftly adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, and formulated a package plan to expand domestic demand and boost economic growth. We have substantially increased government spending, introduced a two-year investment plan totaling RMB 4 trillion, and carried out

structural tax cuts. We have repeatedly lowered interest rates and increased liquidity in the banking system. We have implemented industrial restructuring and

rejuvenation plans on a large scale and vigorously promoted scientific innovation and

technological upgrading. We have worked hard to conserve energy, reduce pollution and protect the eco-environment. We have made further efforts to adjust the distribution of national income and worked energetically to expand domestic markets,

especially rural markets. And we have significantly raised the level of social security.

These measures are producing positive initial results, including fairly strong domestic consumption demand, steadily rising investment demand and overall social stability. It shows that China‟s approach in response to the financial crisis is pragmatic and the policies are active and effective. The array of measures adopted by China will have a positive impact not only on its own economy but also on the

economy of the region and the world at large.

韩老师参考译文：

The international financial crisis has brought about unprecedented difficulties and challenges to China/China has been exposed to daunting challenges never seen before amid the global financial meltdown. There is a growing trend of economic downturn, China‟s import and export keep shrinking, and manufacturing activities are slowing down dramatically. Some enterprises are struggling to keep business viable/afloat/going and hiring less. The financial turmoil has come at a time when China is working to upgrade its growth model and restructure its economy, thereby

compounding China‟s efforts to address problems and challenges arising from within.

China has responded to the impact of financial crisis by adjusting macro-economic policies and implementing the pro-active fiscal policy and

moderately loose/easy monetary policy. China has shaped/framed a stimulus package that aims at boosting domestic demand to keep economic growth steady and strong.

We have scaled up public spending and put in place a two-year plan of investing 4 trillion RMB yuan to fuel the economy. We have executed structural tax cuts, lowered interest rates several times and added to credit liquidity. We have implemented readjustment and rejuvenation plans for key sectors and industries and moved

forward with innovation and technological upgrading. We have worked hard to save energy, cut emissions and protect the environment. We have made income

distribution more equitable, strived to unlock the potential of the vast market at home, particularly the rural market, and worked to improve the social safety net for the people.

These policy-measures have produced positive results already. At the moment, domestic consumption demand remains robust/strong/buoyant, investment demand

keeps growing, and social stability is well maintained. These welcome developments testify to the pragmatic approach and effective policies China has taken in response to the crisis. The broad spectrum of moves and measures will contribute positively

to/have positive implications for economic growth in China, in the region and beyond.

2010 年 5 月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

第一部分：英译汉(出自纽约时报 2009.3.26)：

LECCO, Italy — Each morning, about 450 students travel along 17 school bus

routes to 10 elementary schools in this lakeside city at the southern tip of Lake Como. There are zero school buses.

In 2003, to confront the triple threats of childhood obesity, local traffic jams and

— most important — a rise in global greenhouse gases abetted by car emissions, an environmental group here proposed a retro-radical concept: children should walk to school.

They set up a piedibus (literally foot-bus in Italian) — a bus route with a driver but no vehicle. Each morning a mix of paid staff members and parental volunteers in fluorescent yellow vests lead lines of walking students along Lecco‟s twisting streets to the schools‟ gates, Pied Piper-style, stopping here and there as their flock expands.

At the Carducci School, 100 children, or more than half of the students, now take walking buses. Many of them were previously driven in cars. Giulio Greppi, a

9-year-old with shaggy blond hair, said he had been driven about a third of a mile each way until he started taking the piedibus. “I get to see my friends and we feel special because we know it‟s good for the environment,” he said.

Although the routes are each generally less than a mile, the town‟s piedibuses have so far eliminated more than 100,000 miles of car travel and, in principle, prevented thousands of tons of greenhouse gases from entering the air, Dario Pesenti, the town‟s environment auditor, estimates.

The number of children who are driven to school over all is rising in the United States and Europe, experts on both continents say, making up a sizable chunk of transportation‟s contribution to greenhouse-gas emissions. The “school run” made up

18 percent of car trips by urban residents of Britain last year, a national survey showed.

In 1969, 40 percent of students in the United States walked to school; in 2001, the most recent year data was collected, 13 percent did, according to the federal government‟s National Household Travel Survey.

Lecco‟s walking bus was the first in Italy, but hundreds have cropped up elsewhere in Europe and, more recently, in North America to combat the trend. Towns in France, Britain and elsewhere in Italy have created such routes,

although few are as extensive and long-lasting as Lecco‟s.

韩老师参考译文：

意大利莱科市--莱科位于科摩湖最南端。每天早上，10 个小学的大约 450

名学生沿着 17 条校车线路步行上学，校车不见踪影。

儿童肥胖症增多，当地交通拥堵，特别是汽车尾气使得全球温室气体排放 量不断攀升，面对这三大问题，当地一个环保组织于 2003 年提出了回归自然的大胆建议：让孩子们步行上学。

该环保组织制定了一个名为“piedibus”的步行上学计划：学生沿着校车线路步行上学，没有校车但有专职负责护送的“司机”。“piedibus”在意大利语中的意思就是“步行公交车”。每天早上，孩子们排成队，在身穿荧光黄色背心的专职工作人员和家长志愿者的带领下，沿着蜿蜒曲折的街道步行上学。途中队伍不时

停下来，沿途的学生陆续加入，队伍也随之壮大。整个情形与魔笛的故事十分相似。

卡多西小学学生人数不到 200 人，而现在超过一半的学生都选择步行上学， 这些孩子之前都是车接车送。朱利奥﹒格雷皮现年九岁，一头浓密金发。他说， 上学就三分之一英里的路程，此前他上学都是车接车送。他说，“步行上学能见

到好朋友，而且感觉很有意义，因为这对环境有好处。”

每一条校车线路通常都不超过一英里，但是，莱科市的环境审核员达里奥

﹒裴森迪（Pesenti）估计，通过实施步行上学计划，汽车出行总里程减少了 10 多万英里，从理论上讲相当于温室气体减排数千吨。

欧美专家称，上学需车接车送的小学生数量总体仍在上升，由此产生的温室气体排放占整个交通领域的很大比重。一项国家调查显示，去年校车总里程数占英国市民汽车出行总里程数的 18%。

根据联邦政府国家家庭旅行调查部门的统计，在 1969 年，美国步行上学的小学生比例为 40%，在数据统计的最后一年，也就是 2001 年，这一比例下降至13%。

针对这一趋势，莱科市在意大利率先启动了步行上学计划，欧洲其他国家和地区也纷纷启动了数百个类似计划，北美最近也步欧洲后尘，鼓励学生步行上学。

法国和英国的一些城市以及意大利的其他城市也实施了步行上学计划，只不过大多数城市启动比莱科要晚，规模也小。

第二部分：汉译英 (节选自 2009 年胡锦涛在联合国气候变化峰会开幕式上讲话)

全球气候变化深刻影响着人类生存和发展，是各国共同面临的重大挑战。

气候变化是人类发展进程中出现的问题，既受自然因素影响，也受人类活动影响，既是环境问题，更是发展问题，同各国发展阶段、生活方式、人口规模、资源禀赋以及国际产业分工等因素密切相关。归根到底，应对气候变化问题应该也只能在发展过程中推进，应该也只能靠共同发展来解决。

中国已经制定和实施了《应对气候变化国家方案》，明确提出 2005 年到 2010 年降低单位国内生产总值能耗和主要污染物排放、提高森林覆盖率和可再生能

源比重等有约束力的国家指标。

今后，中国将进一步把应对气候变化纳入经济社会发展规划，并继续采取 强有力的措施。一是加强节能、提高能效工作，争取到 2020 年单位国内生产总

值二氧化碳排放比 2005 年有显著下降。二是大力发展可再生能源和核能，争取到 2020 年非化石能源占一次能源消费比重达到 15％左右。三是大力增加森林碳汇，争取到 2020 年森林面积比 2005 年增加 4000 万公顷，森林蓄积量比 2005

年增加 13 亿立方米。四是大力发展绿色经济，积极发展低碳经济和循环经济， 研发和推广气候友好技术。

官方参考译文：

Global climate change has a profound impact on the existence and development of mankind, and is a major challenge facing all countries.

Climate change is an issue arising in the course of human development. It is associated with both natural factors and human activities. It is an environmental issue, but also, and more importantly, a development issue, as it is closely connected with the development stage, way of life, size of population and resource endowment of different countries and their places in the international division of labor. In the final analysis, we should and can only advance efforts to address climate change in the course of development and meet the challenge through common development.

China has adopted and is implementing the National Climate Change Program, which includes mandatory national targets for reducing energy intensity and the discharge of major pollutants, and increasing forest coverage and the share of renewable energy for the period of 2005 through 2010.

In the years ahead, China will further integrate actions on climate change into its economic and social development plan and take the following measures: First, we

will intensify effort to conserve energy and improve energy efficiency. We will

endeavor to cut carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by a notable margin by 2020 from the 2005 level. Second, we will vigorously develop renewable energy and

nuclear energy. We will endeavor to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 15% by 2020. Third, we will energetically increase forest carbon sink. We will endeavor to increase forest coverage by 40 million hectares and forest stock volume by 1.3 billion cubic meters by 2020 from the 2005 levels. Fourth, we will step up effort to develop green economy, low-carbon economy and circular economy, and enhance research, development and dissemination of

climate-friendly technologies.

韩老师参考译文：

Climate change is a daunting global challenge that threatens the very existence and development of humankind.

The changing climate has emerged alongside human progress. Climate is subject to natural forces and human factors. Climate change threatens the environment, but more importantly, it challenges the course of development. Development stages, lifestyles, population sizes and resource endowments of different countries and the

international division of labor are all at play in shaping patterns of climate change. In the final analysis/essentially/basically/ultimately, climate change must and can only

be addressed through common development.

China has implemented the National Climate Change Program for the period between 2005 and 2010. The initiative has set binding/mandatory targets for energy

intensity, emission cuts in major pollutants, rises in forest coverage and growth in share of renewables.

Going forward, China will include/mainstream/build/feed climate change adaptation and mitigation into its socio-economic planning and renew its strong commitment to fight this challenge. First, China will seek higher energy efficiency and much lower carbon intensity by 2020 from the level of 2005. Second, China will

strive to develop renewable and nuclear energy as part of its efforts to derive about 15% of primary energy consumption from non-fossil sources by 2020.

Third, China will work to increase forest carbon sink by adding 40 million hectares to forest acreage/cover and 1.3 billion cubic meters to forest stock between 2005 and 2020. Fourth, China will be committed to building a green and circular economy that follows a low-carbon path. For that to happen, China will work hard on the R&D and extension of climate-friendly technologies.

2010 年 11  月三级笔译翻译资格考试真题

第一部分：英译汉

When night falls in remote parts of Africa and the Indian subcontinent, hundreds of millions of people without access to electricity turn to candles or flammable and polluting kerosene lamps for illumination.

Slowly through small loans for solar powered devices, microfinance is bringing light to these rural regions where a lack of electricity has stymied economic development, literacy rates and health. A woman sews clothes on a sewing machine driven by solar energy in Ahmedabad/ Photo credit: Amit Dave/ Reuters

“Earlier, they could not do much once the sun set. Now, the sun is used differently. They have increased their productivity, improved their health and socio-economic status,” said Pinal Shah from SEWA Bank, a micro -lending institution.

Vegetable seller Ramiben Waghri took out a loan to buy a solar lantern which

she uses to light up her stall at night. The lantern costs between $66-$112, about a week‟s income for Waghri.

“The vegetables look better by this light, and it‟s cheaper than kerosene and doesn‟t smell,” said Waghri, who estimates she makes about 300 rupees ($6) more each evening with her lantern.

“If we can use the sun to save some money, why not?”

In India, solar power projects, often funded by micro credit institutions, are helping the country reduce carbon emissions and achieve its goal to double the contribution of renewable energy to 6%, or 25,000 megawatts, within the next four years.

Off-grid applications such as solar cookers and lanterns, which can provide

several hours of light at night after being charged by the sun during the day, will help cut dependence on fossil fuels and reduce the fourth biggest emitter‟s carbon footprint, said Pradeep Dadhich, a senior fellow at energy research institute TERI.

“They are reaching people who otherwise have limited or no access to electricity, and depend on kerosene, diesel or firewood for their energy needs,” he said.

“The applications not only satisfy these needs, they also improve the quality of life and reduce the carbon footprint.”

SEWA or Self Employed Women‟s Association, is among a growing number of microfinance institutions in India focused on providing affordable renewable energy sources to poor people, who otherwise would have had to stand for hours to buy kerosene for lamps, or trudge miles to collect firewood for cooking.

SKS Microfinance, India‟s largest MFI, offers solar lamps to its 5 million customers, while Grameen Surya Bijlee (Rural Solar Electricity) Foundation helps fund lamps and home and street lighting systems for villagers in India, Nepal and Bangladesh.

韩老师参考译文：

每当夜幕降临之时，在非洲和印度次大陆偏远地区尚未用上电灯的数亿居民不得不利用蜡烛或者煤油灯照明。煤油灯容易引发火灾并且会造成污染。

在这些农村地区，由于长期以来没有电力供应，当地的经济发展、教育和医疗卫生事业都受到了制约。不过，通过小额信贷帮助当地居民购买太阳能设施，这些地区现在开始慢慢亮起来了。

妇女个体企业协会（SEWA）是一家提供小额信贷的机构。在该机构工作的

皮纳尔﹒沙（Pinal Shah）说，“以前，人们基本上是日落而息。如今，人们对太阳能有了全新的利用方式，通过利用太阳能，人们提高了生产力，改善了健康

状况，促进了当地经济社会的发展。”

拉米本﹒瓦格里（Ramiben Waghri）是一个蔬菜摊贩，她通过小额贷款买了一盏太阳能灯，到了晚上可以用来为自己的摊位照明。太阳能灯售价 66 至 112 美元，相当于她一个星期的收入。

瓦格里说，“太阳能灯可以让蔬菜更有卖相，而且，这灯本身比煤油灯更便

宜，还没有气味。”她估算，使用太阳能灯后每晚她能多赚 300 卢比（合 6 美元）。

“如果利用太阳能省钱的话，何乐而不为呢？”

印度的太阳能项目往往由小额信贷机构提供资金支持，一方面有助于减少该国碳排放，另一方面也有助于帮助印度在今后四年实现将可再生能源占一次能源消费比重提高一倍至 6%的目标，相当于可再生能源发电量达到 25,000 兆瓦。

印度能源与资源研究所（TERI）的高级研究员普拉迪普﹒达蒂奇（Pradeep Dadhich）说，“太阳能灯在白天充电后可以提供数小时照明，像太阳能灶和太阳能灯等离网应用可以帮助印度 --世界第四大碳排放国 --减少对化石燃料的依赖

性，降低碳足迹（碳排放）。”

他说，“如果没有这些太阳能离网应用，那些生活在无电或少电地区的人们将不得不依靠煤油、柴油或柴火满足自身能源需求/有了这些太阳能离网应用， 那些生活在无电或少电地区的人们将可以逐渐摆脱对煤油、柴油或柴火等能源的依赖。”

“这些应用不仅满足了人们的能源需求，还提高了人们的生活质量，减少了碳足迹（碳排放）。”

现在，印度有越来越多的小额信贷机构帮助穷人获得负担得起的可再生能源，妇女个体企业协会即是一例。有了小额信贷，穷人不再需要排队数小时去购买煤油，或者跋涉数英里去捡拾柴火。

现在，印度最大的小额信贷机构 SKS 小额信贷公司资助 500 万客户购买太阳能灯，农村太阳能电力(Grameen Surya Bijlee)基金会则为印度、尼泊尔和孟加拉村民购买太阳能灯、太阳能家用和街道用照明设施提供信贷支持。

第二部分：汉译英

互联网推进了中国经济社会发展。在经济领域，互联网加速向传统产业渗

透，产业边界日益交融，新型商务模式和服务经济加速兴起，衍生了新的业态。互联网在促进经济结构调整、转变经济发展方式等方面发挥着越来越重要的作 用。

互联网成为推动中国经济发展的重要引擎。包括互联网在内的信息技术与产业，对中国经济高速增长作出了重要贡献。

互联网与实体经济不断融合，利用互联网改造和提升传统产业，带动了传统产业结构调整和经济发展方式的转变。互联网发展与运用还催生了一批新兴产业，工业咨 询、软件服务、外包服务等工业服务业蓬勃兴起。信息技术在加快自主创新和节能降耗，推动减排治污等方面的作用日益凸显，互联网已经成为中国发展低碳经济的 新型战略性产业。

中国政府将大力推动电子商务类、教育类网站发展，积极推进电子政务建设，支持发展网络广播、网络电视等新兴媒体，倡导提供形式多样、内容丰富的互联网信息服务，以满足人们多样化、多层次的信息消费需求。

官方参考译文：

The Internet is helping promote the economic and social development of China.

In the economic sector, the Internet has spread its influence into traditional industry,

which leads to the emergence of new business models and service economy,

generating new types of industries. The Internet is playing an increasingly important role in promoting economic restructuring and transforming the pattern of economic development.

The Internet has become an engine promoting the economic development of

China. IT including the Internet and its industry has made significant contributions to the rapid growth of the Chinese economy.

The combination of the Internet and the real economy, the reform and enhancement of traditional industry through IT, have given an impetus to the

restructuring of traditional industry and changing of the pattern of its development.

The development and application of the Internet has given rise to the emergence of many new industries. Services for the development of industries such as industrial counseling, software service and outsourcing are mushrooming. The role of IT in promoting independent innovation, energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection has become ever more prominent. The Inter-net has

emerged as a new strategic industry in China‟s development of low-carbon economy.

The Chinese government will vigorously promote the development of websites featuring e-commerce and education, give impetus to the building of e-government,

advocate the development of emerging media such as online radio and online

television, and call for the provision of varied and rich Internet information services to satisfy the diversified, multi-leveled needs of information consumption.

韩老师参考译文：

The Internet has advanced/become a strong driver behind China‟s socio-economic development.  Economically/On the economic front, the Internet has made faster inroads into traditional  sectors, blurring conventional boundaries between industries. As a result, new business models and service-oriented economy are emerging, giving rise to new industries. Basically, the Internet is becoming increasingly crucial/critical/essential to economic restructuring  and growth model upgrading/transformation.

The Internet has emerged as an important economic driver in China, as

information technology and the IT industry with the Internet included has contributed a great deal to China‟s economic boom.

The Internet is getting integrated with the real economy. The power of the Internet has been harnessed to upgrade and restructure traditional industries and ramp up the transformation of the economic growth pattern. With the burgeoning

development and extensive application of the Internet have come a host of emerging industries, including industrial consulting, software and outsourcing services that are

already growing and flourishing in China. Information technology is becoming increasingly central to indigenous innovation, energy conservation and pollution/emission reduction. That means the Internet has become an emerging industry that is strategically important to China‟s ambition of embarking on a low-carbon growth path.

The Chinese government will work to boost the development of e-business and education-oriented websites. E-governance will be advanced and the development of Internet-based radio and TV broadcasting services will be facilitated. Internet-based information services that are diversified in form and rich in content will be encouraged as a way to meet people‟s varied, multi-tiered information needs.

2011 年 5 月三级笔译翻译资格考试真题

第一部分：英译汉

The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge stands tall in the British countryside as one of the last remnants of the Neolithic Age. Recently it has also become the latest symbol of another era: the new fiscal austerity.

A plan to replace the site‟s run-down visitors center with one almost five times bigger and to close a busy road that runs along the 5,000-year-old monument had to be mothballed in June. The British government had suddenly withdrawn ￡ 10

million, or $16 million, in financing for the project as part of a budget austerity.

Stonehenge, once a temple with giant stone slabs aligned in a circle to mark the passage of the sun, is among the most prominent victims of the government‟s

spending cuts. The decision was heavily criticized by local lawmakers, especially because Stonehenge, a UnescoWorld Heritage site, was part of London‟s successful bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games.The shabby visitors center there now is already too small for the 950,000 people who visit Stonehenge each year, let alone the

additional onslaught of tourists expected for the Games, the official says.

Stonehenge is the busiest tourist attraction in Britain‟s southwest, topping even Windsor Castle. But no major improvements have been made to the facilities there since they were built 40 years ago.For now, portable toilets lead from a crammed

parking lot, a makeshift souvenir shop in a tent, a ticket office opposite a small kiosk that sells coffee and snacks.

The overhaul was scheduled for next spring in 2011. The plan, held by Denton Corker Marshall, the architectural firm, would keep the stone monument itself unchanged. But the current ticket office and shop would be demolished and a new

visitors center would be built on the other side of the monument, about 2.5 kilometers, or 1.5 miles, from the stones.The center would have included a shop almost five

times the size of the current one, a proper restaurant, three times as many parking spots and an exhibition space to provide more information about Stonehenge‟s history.

A transit system would have shuttled visitors between the center and the stones while footpaths would have encouraged tourists to walk to the monument and explore the surrounding burial hills. The closed road would be grassed over to improve the surrounding landscape.

Last year, the ￡27 million project won the backing of former Prime Minister Gordon Brown. After more than 25 years of bickering with local communities about how and where to build the new center, planning permission was granted in January. Construction was supposed to start and be completed in time for the Olympics, but the economic recession has changed.

The new prime minister, David Cameron, has reversed many of his

predecessor‟s promises as part of a program to cut more than ￡99 billion annually

over a period of five years to help to close a gaping budget deficit. The financing for Stonehenge fell in the first round of cuts, worth about ￡6.2 billion, from the budget for the current year, along with support for a hospital and the British Film Institute.

English Heritage, a partly government-financed organization that owns

Stonehenge and more than 400 other historic sites in the country, is now aggressively looking for private donations. But the economic downturn has made the endeavor

more difficult.

Loraine Knowles, Stonehenge‟s project director, said she was disappointed that the government had withdrawn money while continuing to support museums in

London. But she said she was hopeful that English Heritage could raise the money elsewhere. Stonehenge, she said, could then also become “a shining example of how philanthropy could work.”

韩老师参考译文：

英国巨石阵是史前神庙遗址，巨石高高矗立在一马平川的英格兰平原之上， 属新石器时代建筑遗迹。如今，巨石阵再次成为时代象征：英国的财政紧缩政 策最近把矛头指向了巨石阵。

巨石阵已历经五千年风风雨雨。英国原本通过了一项整修计划，按照该计划，鉴于现在使用的游客中心早已破旧不堪，将新建游客中心，其面积将是现在的五倍；巨石阵附近那条繁忙的公路也将关闭。但是，在今年六月，为缩减

开支，英国政府突然宣布取消对巨石阵整修项目总额达 1000 万英镑（折合 1600 万美元）的拨款，整修计划被迫搁浅。

巨石阵原是一座神庙，巨石呈环形排列，用以记录太阳运行的轨迹。现在， 巨石阵项目成了英国政府削减开支计划的主要目标。巨石阵是著名世界遗产，

英国伦敦 2012 年夏季奥运会申办成功，巨石阵可谓功不可没。正因如此，当地议员对政府削减巨石阵整修项目拨款的决定也予以痛批。议员们称，巨石阵现 在每年接待游客达 95 万人，但现在使用的游客中心非常简陋，早已应接不暇， 而伦敦奥运会期间游客数量料将激增，届时游客中心就更加难以应付了。

巨石阵是英国西南部最著名的旅游胜地，游客数量甚至超过了温莎城堡。

尽管如此，这里的游客接待设施自四十年前建立以来从没进行过大修。现在， 景点的洗手间还是便携式的，停车场也是车满为患，一个帐篷临时将就作为纪念品商店，售票处对面就是出售咖啡、零食的小卖部。

按原计划整修将从 2011 年春天开始动工。登顿•库克•马歇尔建筑事务所担纲设计，整修不会对巨石阵本身做任何改动，现在的售票处和小卖部将被拆除， 在巨石阵的另一侧、距巨石阵 2.5 公里处将新建一个游客中心。按照计划，新游客中心内将建一个商店，面积是现在商店的五倍；建一个正规的餐厅；停车场

将扩容至现在的三倍；同时还将建一个展厅，方便游客更好地了解巨石阵的历史。

新游客中心建成后，在游客中心和巨石阵之间将设有穿梭巴士，另有专门的步行道供游客徒步前往巨石阵和周边墓葬山参观。附近仍在使用的那条公路届时将会关闭，改为草坪，以美化周边环境。

去年，这项总额达 2700 万英镑的整修计划获得前首相戈登﹒布朗的支持。

关于新游客中心如何修建及选址问题，有关方面与当地民众 25 年来一直争论不休，不过，在今年一月，整修计划终获通过。按照原计划，整修计划应该已经 开工并赶在伦敦奥运会前竣工，但是此次经济危机使原计划泡汤。

现在，英国预算赤字不断增加，现任首相大卫•卡梅伦计划用五年时间弥补亏空，每年需要削减 990 亿英镑开支。为此，卡梅伦首相不得不改弦易辙，取

消了前任政府通过的许多项目。本财年预算将首先削减开支 62 亿英镑，巨石阵拨款项目赫然在列，一家医院和英国电影学会的资助计划也一同被取消。

半官方机构英格兰遗产协会（English Heritage）负责管理巨石阵和英国其他

400 多处历史遗迹。现在该协会正在积极寻求社会捐助，但是经济衰退当前，募捐谈何容易。

巨石阵项目负责人罗瑞恩﹒诺尔斯说，本届英国政府一方面取消了对巨石 阵的拨款，另一方面却继续资助伦敦各个博物馆，未免令人失望。不过，她对 英格兰遗产协会寄予厚望，希望协会能从其他渠道筹措到需要的资金。诺尔斯 说，如果筹资一切顺利的话，那么，巨石阵今后还可以成为“宣扬慈善精神的典范”。

第二部分：汉译英（节选自 2010 年 9 月 7 日国家副主席习近平在联合国贸发会的发言）

近年来，中国全面把握对外开放阶段性特点，按照完善内外联动、互利共

赢、安全高效的开放型经济体系的要求，总结实践中的成功经验，把 “引进来”

和“走出去”更好地结合起来，创新对外投资和合作方式，支持企业在研发、生产、销售等方面开展国际化经营。目前，中国正在加快推进各种形式的对外投资合

作，培育发展中国的跨国公司，支持有实力的企业建立国际营销网络，加强境

外基础设施建设合作，规范发展对外劳务合作，积极推动境外经贸合作区建设， 缓解我国生产能力过剩、内需不足的矛盾，推动国内产业转型，带动相关产品 和服务出口。

坚持对外开放基本国策，坚定不移地发展开放型经济、奉行互利共赢的开 放战略，是改革开放 30 多年来中国经济持续快速发展的一条成功经验。招商引资、择优选资，促进“引资”与“引智”相结合，是中国对外开放的重要内容。

截至 2010 年 7 月，中国累计设立外商投资企业 69.8 万家，实际使用外资

1.05 万亿美元。目前中国 22%的税收、28%的工业增加值、55%的进出口、50% 的技术引进、约 4500 万人的就业，都来自外商投资企业的贡献。对外开放、吸引外资是互利共赢的。对中国来说，通过持续吸引外资为国家现代化建设提供 了必要的资金、先进的技术和宝贵的管理经验以及众多国际化人才。对外商投 资企业来说，则赢得了可观的投资回报，不少在华外商投资企业成为其母公司 全球业务的增长亮点和利润中心。

官方参考译文：

In recent years, we have worked in line with the characteristics of the different stages of opening-up, and the requirements to improve an open economic system that

focuses on both domestic and international markets, that promotes win-win and mutually beneficial cooperation, and that emphasizes security and effectiveness. And we have actively summed up our successful experience in past years. We better coordinated our "inviting in" and "going global" strategies, adopted new ways of conducting overseas investment and cooperation and supported enterprises to develop international operation in research and development, production and distribution. We

are stepping up efforts to facilitate various forms of overseas investment cooperation, develop our own multinational companies and support well-positioned enterprises to establish international sales distribution networks. We are working to strengthen overseas infrastructure construction cooperation, and develop overseas labor contract cooperation in a well-managed fashion. And we are actively advancing the

construction of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones. Our aim is to alleviate the tensions between overcapacity and weak domestic demand, stimulate industrial transformation at home and, at the same time, promote exports of relevant products and services.

To follow the basic state policy of opening-up, unswervingly develop an open economy and pursue a win-win strategy of opening-up is a useful experience that has underpinned the sustained and rapid development of the Chinese economy over the past 30 years and more. To attract foreign investment, pick competitive foreign

investors and bring in "financial resources" and "intellectual resources" both at the same time is an important element of China's opening-up policy. By July 2010, a total

of 698,000 foreign-invested enterprises had been established in China, registering a paid-in capital of US$1.05 trillion. Today, in China, 22% of tax revenues, 28% of added industrial value, 55% of foreign trade, 50% of technology import and some 45 million job opportunities are contributed by foreign-invested enterprises. Opening to the outside world and attracting foreign investment are mutually beneficial and complementary. For China, continued introduction of foreign investment has

provided necessary fund, advanced technologies and valuable managerial expertise and many global-minded talents to support the country's modernization drive. For foreign enterprises, investing in China has generated handsome returns. Many foreign-invested enterprises in China have become the growth engines and profit centers of their parent companies' global business.

韩老师参考译文：

In recent years, China has worked to balance “bringing in” and “going global” as an open economy that integrates domestic and international markets for win-win

results and highlights security and efficiency. Incentives have been given to foreign businesses to engage in R&D, production and sales in China. At the moment, China is fostering home-grown multinationals by encouraging full-fledged/well-placed/

well-positioned Chinese businesses to establish global marketing networks and seek partnerships in infrastructure projects overseas. China is also upgrading industries as a way to boost exports of goods and services.

The past more than 30 years of reform and opening up have seen China keep its economy strong and growing. One key contributing factor behind China‟s huge success is its enduring commitment to open wider to the outside world for win-win

scenarios. As part of China‟s opening up program, China has worked to bring in more but selective investments and talents alike.

As of July 2010, 698,000 foreign companies have been incorporated in China with a total paid-in investment of US$1.05 trillion. At the moment, foreign-funded businesses in China contribute 22% of tax revenue, 28% of total industrial added value, 55% of total foreign trade volume, and 50% of technology imports. Together, they hire/employ about 45 million people in China.

Opening-up and foreign investment incentives lead to win-win outcomes. For China‟s part, sustained inflow of foreign capital has brought China much-needed funds, state-of-the-art technology, cutting-edge managerial know-how and a large

pool of talents with international exposure. As far as foreign investors are concerned, their presence in the lucrative market has generated handsome returns. Quite a

number of foreign businesses active in China have emerged as new growth drivers and leading source of profitability/profit center for their parent companies.

2011 年 11  月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

第一部分：英译汉

This month, the United Nations Development Program made water and sanitation the centerpiece of its flagship publication, the Human Development Report.

Claims of a "water apartheid," where poor people pay more for water than the rich, are bound to attract attention. But what are the economics behind the problem,

and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering clean water to their people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit. People in areas that are not served by public utilities have to rely on costlier ways of getting water, such as itinerant water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as the water sources get costlier, the water itself tends to be more dangerous. Water piped by utilities - to the rich and the poor alike - is usually cleaner than water trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank.

The problem exists not only in rural areas but even in big cities, said Hakan Bjorkman, program director of the UN agency in Thailand. Further, subsidies made to

local water systems often end up benefiting people other than the poor, he added.

The agency proposes a three-step solution. First, make access to 20 liters, or 5 gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments

accountable for delivering this service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link people to water mains.The report says governments, especially in developing countries, should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water and sanitation. It also recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward these problems. Clearly, this approach relies heavily on government intervention, something Bjorkman readily acknowledged. But there are some market-based approaches as well.

By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the private water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily increased access to clean water, according to the agency's report. A subsidy may not even be necessary, despite the agency's proposals, if a country can harness the economic benefits of providing clean water.

People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from water-borne diseases - a common malady in the developing world - and much more likely to enjoy long, productive, taxpaying lives that can benefit their host countries. So if a government is trying to raise financing to invest in new infrastructure, it might find receptive ears in private credit markets - as long as it can harness the return. Similarly,

private companies may calculate that it is worth bringing clean water to an area if its residents are willing to pay back the investment over many years.

In the meantime, some local solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman said, some small communities are taking challenges like water access upon themselves. "People organize themselves in groups to leverage what little resources

they have to help their communities," he said. "That's especially true out in the rural areas. They invest their money in revolving funds and saving schemes, and they

invest themselves to improve their villages. "It is not always easy to take these solutions and replicate them in other countries, though. Assembling a broad menu of different approaches can be the first step in finding the right solution for a given region or country.

韩老师参考译文：

联合国开发计划署本月新发布的《人类发展报告》主题是水与卫生。

现在有人将穷人获取水资源成本高于富人的现象称为“水隔离”，类似的说法必将引发关注。但是，这一问题涉及的经济因素有哪些？又该如何加以解决呢？ 在有些国家，人们无法充分获得清洁用水，基础设施不完善是首要原因。有些

地区没有公共基础设施，人们不得不从流动水车购水，或者长途跋涉到有水井的地方取水，由此推高他们获取水资源的成本。更为荒谬的是，在获取水资源

的成本上升的同时，水质却在下降。自来水通常比流动水车或水井的水更加清洁，对于穷人和富人都是如此。

联合国开发计划署泰国项目专员哈坎﹒比约克曼说，这一问题不仅仅涉及农村地区，甚至连大城市也不例外。他还补充说，对地方水利部门提供的补贴受益者往往并不是穷人。

联合国开发计划署提出了“三步走”的解决方案。第一步，将每天保证 20 升

（折合 5 加仑）清洁用水列为一项人权。第二步，由地方政府负责落实上述目标。第三步，投资修建供水基础设施。《人类发展报告》指出，各国特别是发展中国家应该至少拿出 GDP 的 1%用于解决供水和卫生设施问题。该报告还建议国外援助资金也应向这方面倾斜，但比约克曼也明确指出，这显然需要政府部门的引导才行。当然，还有其他一些市场化解决方案。

该报告还指出，科特迪瓦首都阿比让的一家私营水厂通过向穷人降价供水， 逐步缓解了当地清洁用水问题。开发计划署建议各国政府对供水系统提供补贴， 但是，如果能保证供水企业获得相当经济利益的话，就没必要再提供补贴了。

在发展中国家，水传染疾病十分常见，但是如果能获得清洁饮用水，人们死于水传染疾病的几率就会大大降低，人们的寿命延长了，生产力提高了，缴税增多了，国家最终也能从中获益。因此，只要国家能保证供水产业的经济效益，就能吸引社会力量投资供水基础设施建设。反过来说，私营供水企业如果

确信在一个地区的投资能在多年后收回成本、具有投资价值的话，他们自然也乐意为之。

同时，人们也在不断探索本土化解决方案。比约克曼说，在泰国，一些小型社区自发解决供水等社区面临的难题。他说，“人们自发组织起来，利用有限的资源帮助社区解决问题，在农村地区尤为如此。人们把钱投入周转基金和存款计划，并共同出力建设自己的村庄。不过，在其他国家实施、推广这些解决方案并不总是一帆风顺。一个国家或地区要想找到可行的供水解决方案，第一步就是先要整合各种应对之策。”

第二部分：汉译英

即使遇到丰收年景，对中国来说，要用世界百分之七的耕地养活全球五分之一的人口仍是一项艰巨的任务。

中国政府面临许多挑战，最严峻的挑战之一就是耕地流失。过去几年中， 平均每年有 66.7 万公顷耕地被城市扩建、工业发展以及公路建设工程占用，另

有 1 万平方公里的耕地被沙漠吞噬。

中国北方地区地下水位下降，农民不得不改种耐旱、地产作物，甚至撂荒。同时，农业基础设施损耗严重，三分之二的灌溉设施需要整修。

由于农民为增加收入而改种经济作物，农业生产方式正在转变。过去十几年，全国水果和蔬菜种植面积平均每年增加 130 万公顷。因此，水稻、玉米及小麦产量急剧下降。中国已由粮食净出口国变为粮食净进口国。

中国政府把农业改革视为头等大事，投入大量资金用于提高小麦和稻米的收购价以及改进农田灌溉基础设施。近年来，农产品的价格稳步上升，中国政府采取此项措施以提高农民种粮的积极性。

韩老师参考译文：

Even with a bumper harvest, China still faces a daunting challenge of feeding one fifth of the world‟s population with only 7% of the earth‟s farmland.

Among many grave challenges the Chinese government faces is loss of farmland. In the last few years, about 667,000 hectares of farmland has been grabbed/seized

/requistioned/expropriated for urban sprawl, industrial expansion and road building, and another 10,000 square kilometers of cultivated land desertified each year on average.

As ground water table drops in northern China, farmers there have to grow drought-resistant, low-yield crops and even leave land unattended. On top of that,

agricultural infrastructure is in serious disrepair, with two thirds of irrigation facilities in need of overhaul.

Agricultural production model is changing as farmers opt for cash crops to increase income. In the last dozen years, China has added 1.3 million hectares to the total growing acreage of fruit and vegetable each year on average. The result is a plummet/sharp drop/drastic fall in output of rice, corn and wheat. China has become a net grain importer instead of a net exporter.

The Chinese government makes agricultural reform/upgrading a top priority. It is investing hugely to raise purchasing prices of wheat and price and

upgrade/retool/reengineer/revamp irrigation infrastructure. Steady/sustained increases in prices of farm produce in recent years have led to growing interest/enthusiasm of grain growers. /With rising prices of agricultural products in recent years, grain growers have become more interested in farm work.

2012 年 5 月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

第一部分：英译汉

PALOS DE LA FRONTERA, Spain — Back home in Gambia, Amadou Jallow

was, at 22, a lover of reggae who had just finished college and had landed a job teaching science in a high school. But Europe beckoned.

In his West African homeland, Mr. Jallow‟s salary was the equivalent of just 50 euros a month, barely enough for the necessities, he said. And everywhere in his neighborhood in Serekunda, Gambia‟s largest city, there was talk of easy money to be made in Europe.

Now he laughs bitterly about all that talk. He lives in a patch of woods here in southern Spain, just outside the village of Palos de la Frontera, with hundreds of other immigrants. They have built their homes out of plastic sheeting and cardboard, unsure if the water they drink from an open pipe is safe. After six years on the continent, Mr. Jallow is rail thin, and his eyes have a yellow tinge.

“We are not bush people,” he said recently as he gathered twigs to start a

fire. “You think you are civilized. But this is how we live here. We suffer here.”

The political upheaval in Libya and elsewhere in North Africa has opened the way for thousands of new migrants to make their way to Europe across the Mediterranean. Already some 25,000 have reached the island of Lampedusa, Italy, and hundreds more have arrived at Malta.

The boats, at first, brought mostly Tunisians. But lately there have been more sub-Saharans.

Experts say thousands more — many of whom have been moving around North

Africa trying to get to Europe for years, including Somalis, Eritreans, Senegalese and Nigerians — are likely to follow, sure that a better life awaits them.

But for Mr. Jallow and for many others who arrived before them, often after

days at sea without food or water, Europe has offered hardships they never imagined. These days Mr. Jallow survives on two meals a day, mostly a leaden paste made from flour and oil, which he stirs with a branch.

“It keeps the hunger away,” he said.

The authorities estimate that there are perhaps 10,000 immigrants living in the

woods in the southern Spanish province of Andalusia, a region known for its crops of strawberries, raspberries and blueberries, and there are thousands more migrants in areas that produce olives, oranges and vegetables. Most of them have stories that echo Mr. Jallow‟s.

From the road, their encampments look like igloos tucked among the trees. Up

close, the squalor is clear. Piles of garbage and flies are everywhere. Old clothes, stiff from dirt and rain, hang from branches.

“There is everything in there,” said Diego Cañamero, the leader of the farm workers‟ union in Andalusia, which tries to advocate for the men. “You have rats and snakes and mice and fleas.”

The men in the woods do not call home with the truth, though. They send

pictures of themselves posing next to Mercedes cars parked on the street, the kind of pictures that Mr. Jallow says he fell for so many years ago. Now he shakes his head toward his neighbors, who will not talk to reporters.

“So many lies,” he said. “It is terrible what they are doing. But they are embarrassed.”

Even now, though, Mr. Jallow will not consider going back to Gambia. “I would

prefer to die here,” he said. “I cannot go home empty-handed. If I went home, they would be saying, „What have you been doing with yourself, Amadou?‟ They think in Europe there is money all over.”

The immigrants — virtually all of them are men — cluster by nationality and look for work on the farms. But Mr. Cañamero says they are offered only the least

desirable work, like handling pesticides, and little of it at that. Most have no working papers.

Occasionally, the police bring bulldozers to tear down the shelters. But the men, who have usually used their family‟s life savings to get here, are mostly left alone — the conditions they live under are an open secret in the nearby villages.

韩老师参考译文：

西班牙帕洛斯德拉弗龙特拉 --在冈比亚国内时，阿玛窦﹒雅罗（ Amadou Jallow）曾是个雷鬼乐迷，22 岁那年他刚刚大学毕业，在国内一所高中还谋得了科学教职。不过，他最终还是选择了到欧洲寻梦。

他说，在冈比亚国内，他的月薪仅合 50 欧元，基本生活费都不够。他来自冈比亚第一大城市萨拉昆达，周围的人都纷纷表示欧洲的钱比较好赚。

： 

现在，他对人们的这种论调只能报以苦笑。他与其他数百名移民就住在西班牙南部帕洛斯德拉弗龙特拉村外的一片树林里。他们的安身之所是用塑料膜和纸板搭建起来的，饮用水取自一个露天水管，不过他们并不确信这水真的适合饮用。雅罗到欧洲已有六个年头了，现在的他骨瘦如柴，眼睛泛着淡黄色。

最近见他时，他边捡拾柴火边向我倾诉，“我们不是生活在树林里的野人。你们以为自己是个文明的国家，但是我们这里的生活状况却是这样，我们是在这里受罪。”

北非的利比亚等国爆发了政治动乱后，数千人借机穿越地中海抵达欧洲， 加入了移民大军。现在，已有 25,000 人抵达了意属蓝佩杜萨岛，另有数百人抵达了马耳他。

最开始移民的主要是突尼斯人，但最近撒哈拉以南非洲地区的移民占了多数。

许多索马里、厄立特里亚、塞内加尔和尼日利亚等国家的人多年来一直在北非地区游荡，试图寻找机会移往欧洲。专家们称，现在很可能还有数千人将加入移民阵营，这些人确信欧洲美好的生活正等待着他们。

但是，对于雅罗等许许多多的老非洲移民而言，他们在海上一连几天都没 吃没喝，而抵达欧洲后，等待他们的往往是难以想象的苦难。这几天，雅罗一 天只吃两顿饭，主食就是用树枝搅拌面粉和油做成的面团，这种食物难以消化。

“吃这种食物就不饿了，”他说道。

当局估计，在西班牙南部安达卢西亚省的这片树林里生活着约 1 万名移民。这一地区以生产草莓、树莓和蓝莓闻名。而在盛产橄榄油、橙子和蔬菜的地区

也有数千名移民。他们中大部分人的境遇都与雅罗相似。

从公路上远远望去，他们的简易居所看起来就像是掩藏在树林里的圆顶冰 屋，可等走近再看，则是一片狼藉，肮脏不堪：垃圾堆积如山，苍蝇到处乱飞， 树枝上挂着破旧的衣服，经过泥土和雨水的浸泡，衣服都硬邦邦的。

迪亚哥﹒卡纳梅洛（Diego Cañamero）是安达安达卢西亚的农场工会领袖， 该工会也在为这些移民工人争取权益。卡纳梅洛说，“他们住的地方各种害虫应有尽有：大鼠、蛇、小耗子和跳蚤。”

即便如此，生活在这里的人们在给国内的家人打电话时也都不会实情以告。他们寄回家的光鲜照片都是站在街上停着的梅赛德斯车旁拍的，就连雅罗自己 若干年前也曾对这样的照片信以为真。现在，他冲住在这里的邻居直摇头，因 为他们不愿接受记者采访。

“太多的谎言！”他说道，“他们这样做很不好，但是他们自己的情况也确实令人尴尬。”

但即便如此，雅罗也不会考虑回国。他说，“我宁愿死在这里，也不愿空手回去，如果就这样回去了，人们就会说，„阿玛窦，你怎么混成这样了？‟他们都以为欧洲遍地是黄金。”

移民几乎清一色都是男子，他们按照国籍抱团，到农场找工作。但是，卡纳梅洛说，他们能找到的工作都是喷洒农药等一些苦差事，报酬也微不足道。大部分移民工人都没有雇用证明。

警察偶尔会动用推土机拆除这些简易居所。不过，这些靠家里人毕生的积蓄才来到欧洲的移民其生活条件之恶劣在周边村庄早已是公开的秘密，所以， 警察通常也不会找他们麻烦。

第二部分：汉译英

10 年来，中国经济发展实现了新的跨越，对世界经济增长的贡献日益增大。

10 年来，中国平均关税水平从 15.3%降至 9.8%，达到并超过了世贸组织对发展中国家的要求。10 年来，中国总计从海外进口达 8.5 万亿美元，为各国发展提供了广阔市场。

今年以来，在世界经济形势依然复杂多变的情况下，中国有针对性地加强

和改善宏观调控，着力稳物价、调结构、保民生、促和谐，经济增长由政策刺激向自主增长有序转变，国民经济继续朝着宏观调控的预期方向发展。

为了巩固经济社会发展良好势头，我们将坚持以科学发展为主题、以加快 转变经济发展方式为主线，继续加强和改善宏观调控，继续处理好保持经济平 稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重以人为本，更加 注重全面协调可持续发展，更加注重统筹兼顾，更加注重改革开放，更加注重 保障和改善民生。中国经济发展的前景是光明的。中国经济保持平稳较快发展， 对世界经济发展无疑将是有利的。

官方参考译文：

In the past ten years, China's economy has made significant advance and its contribution to world economic growth has been growing. China's average tariff level has dropped from 15.3 percent to 9.8 percent, which is lower than the WTO

requirement for developing countries. Its total imports in this period have reached 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars, creating a huge market for other countries.

In the face of the complex and volatile global economic environment, China has taken targeted measures this year to strengthen and improve macro control, with

focus on stabilizing prices, adjusting the economic structure, ensuring people's well-being, and promoting harmony. The Chinese economy is driven more by its internal dynamism than policy stimulus. And it is moving in the direction consistent with the objectives of macro control.

To sustain the sound momentum of China's economic and social development,

we will continue to pursue development in a scientific way and redouble efforts to shift the growth model. We will continue to strengthen and improve macro control, and maintain a balance between achieving steady and fast economic growth,

adjusting the economic structure and managing inflation expectation. Putting people's interests first and taking a holistic approach to development, we will work harder to achieve all-round, balanced and sustainable development, deepen reform and

opening-up, and improve people's well-being. We will have a bright prospect for the Chinese economy. And continued steady and fast economic growth in China will

serve the interest of global economic growth.

韩老师参考译文：

The new economic advances China has registered over the past decade represent its ever-increasing contributions to global economic prosperity. The last decade has seen China‟s average tariff level drop from 15.3% to 9.8%. That means China has

met and even exceeded WTO tariff requirements for developing countries. During the same timeframe, China‟s imports have added up to US$8.5 trillion, presenting a vast market for the rest of the world.

Since the beginning of this year, China has taken well targeted measures to improve macro-control amid a persistently complex and volatile economic landscape worldwide. China has given priority to price stability, structural adjustment, improvement in people‟s livelihood and social harmony. Economic growth is now driven more by market forces than policy incentives. All in all, the economy is moving towards desired macro-control goals.

We must remain committed to scientific development and ramp up efforts to upgrade economic growth model if we are to keep up the strong momentum of

socio-economic development. We need to step up macro-control and work to balance

our efforts to keep economic growth steady yet strong, adjust economic structure and manage inflation expectations. We will be more people-oriented and give more prominence to all-round, coordinated and sustainable development. We will pay

closer attention to holistic, balanced development，deepen reform and opening up, and put people‟s well-being higher on the agenda. The outlook of China‟s economy is promising/optimistic/encouraging. China will surely go a long way towards global economic growth if it can keep its economic growth steady yet fast/The world economy stands to benefit greatly from steady yet fast economic growth in China.

2012 年 11  月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题

第一部分：英译汉

For more than 30 years, I have been wondering about L.R. Generson. On one of our first Christmases together, my husband gave me a complete set of Dickens. There were 20 volumes, bound in gray cloth with black corners, old but in good condition. Stamped on the flyleaf of each volume, in faded block letters, was the name of the previous owner: “L.R. Generson, M.D., Bronx, NY.‟‟

That Dickens set is one of the best presents anyone has ever given me. A couple

of the books are still pristine, but others - “Bleak House,‟‟ “David Copperfield,‟‟ and especially “Great Expectations‟‟ - have been read and re-read almost to pieces. Over the years, Pip and Estella and Magwitch have kept me company. So have Lady

Dedlock, Steerforth and Peggotty, the Cratchits and the Pecksniffs and the Veneerings. And so, in his silent enigmatic way, has L.R. Generson.